This Day in Coast Guard History, September 27

Based on the Coast Guard Historian’s timeline, https://www.history.uscg.mil/research/chronology/
With inspiration from Mike Kelso

Douglas Munro. “The Marines were being driven back to the beach and many did not have radios to request assistance. A single “HELP” spelled out in T-shirts on the ridge near the beach sent a loud and clear signal to those looking on.”

1942  Douglas A. Munro, Signalman 1/c, USCG, gave his life evacuating Marines of the 1st Battalion, 7th Marines, at Matanikau Point, Guadalcanal.  President Roosevelt posthumously awarded Munro the Medal of Honor, the only Coast Guardsmen to be awarded this decoration.  The medal was given to Douglas Munro’s parents, Mr. and Mrs. James Munro of South Cle Elum, Washington, by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in a ceremony at the White House on Thursday, May 27, 1943.  The citation read: “Awarded posthumously to DOUGLAS ALBERT MUNRO, SIGNALMAN FIRST CLASS, U.S. COAST GUARD ‘For extraordinary heroism and conspicuous gallantry in action above and beyond the call of duty as Office-in-Charge of a group of Higgins boats, engaged in the evacuation of a Battalion of Marines trapped by enemy Japanese forces at Point Cruz, Guadalcanal, on September 27, 1942.  After making preliminary plans for the evacuation of nearly 500 beleaguered Marines, Munro, under constant risk of his life, daringly led five of his small craft toward the shore.   As he closed the beach, he [signaled]the others to land, and then in order to draw the enemy’s fire and protect the heavily loaded boats, he valiantly placed his craft with its two small guns as a shield between the beachhead and the Japanese.   When the perilous task of evacuation was nearly completed, Munro was killed by enemy fire, but his crew, two of whom were wounded, carried on until the last boat had loaded and cleared the beach.  By his outstanding leadership, expert planning, and dauntless devotion to duty, he and his courageous comrades undoubtedly saved the lives of many who otherwise would have perished.  He gallantly gave up his life in defense of his country.'”

1950  For the purpose of alleviating attrition during the Korean War, Executive Order 10164 authorized the Coast Guard, in cases where enlisted personnel did not immediately reenlist in the Coast Guard, to extend enlistments for one year, if the date of expiration of enlistment occurred prior to July 9, 1951.  The Coast Guard, however, adopted a policy of permitting the discharge of men upon expiration of enlistment, provided they immediately enlisted in the Coast Guard Reserve.

47-Foot Motor Life Boat (MLB) 47231 from Station Morrow Bay, 4 Dec 2007. Photo by Mike Baird

2013  Coast Guard Station Quillayute River, Washington, crews rescued three fishermen from their sinking vessel two miles west of James Island.  The three fishermen were safely transported to Station Quillayute River by one of two 47-foot MLBs that responded to the sinking 50-foot fishing vessel; the second vessel remained on scene until the fishing vessel sank at 11:23 a.m. in 103 feet of water.  The Coast Guard received a call for help from the crew of the fishing vessel Fjord Mist at 08:33 a.m., stating that the vessel was taking on water and sinking.  The two boat crews from Station Quillayute River and an MH-65 Dolphin helicopter crew from Air Station Port Angeles were directed to respond to the sinking vessel.  A dewatering pump was provided to the fishing vessel crew; however, the pump was unable to keep up with the flooding and for the crew’s safety they were removed from the sinking vessel.  The fishermen suffered no reported injuries.

USCGC Dependable (WMEC-626)

2016  CGC Dependable returned to its homeport following a successful 53-day patrol, which focused on training, counter-drug, and migrant missions.  The cutter patrolled from the Florida Straits and throughout the Caribbean Sea performing homeland security missions, which included stopping the flow of illegal migrants and illicit drugs into the United States.  During the patrol, Dependable worked closely with the Royal Bahamian Defense Force, the Navy of the Dominican Republic, and Dutch Caribbean Coast Guard air and surface assets to counter illegal drug smuggling and human smuggling.  On September 22, 2016, Dependable assisted the Royal Bahamian Defense Force in the rescue of nine survivors from a sailing vessel in distress.  Over the course of six hours, Dependable and the Royal Bahamian Defense Force searched for and located the sailing vessel Change of Life aground on a reef south of Great Inagua, Bahamas.  Less than 24 hours later, Dependable, along with Her Majesty’s Bahamian Ship Leon Livingston Smith rescued 10 Cuban migrants who had been stranded for 10 days on Anguilla Cay near Caysal Bank in the Florida Straits.

“MAN ES to provide propulsion systems for Canadian Coast Guard’s AOPSs” –Naval Today

Three AOPSs at pier before the commissioning ceremony for HMCS Margaret Brooke (AOPV-431). Canadian Navy photo

Naval Today reports,

“German manufacturer MAN Energy Solutions (MAN ES) has received a contract to provide propulsion systems for two Arctic offshore patrol ships (AOPSs) for the Canadian Coast Guard.”

The Coast Guard versions of the Arctic Offshore Patrol Ships apparently have the same propulsion system as the preceding six Navy versions, but there are details about the propellers in this announcement that I had not heard before.

“Finally, MAN Energy Solutions will deliver 2 × MAN Alpha-branded five-bladed, bolted propellers that meet PC5 rules and which can even be exchanged underwater. These cater for higher cavitation inception speeds, possible shock impacts, and mission-critical conditions requiring additional redundancy, silent operation with minimal hydro-acoustic signatures, and suppressed underwater-radiated noise, the company highlighted.”

I don’t know what a “bolted propeller” is, but the idea that they can be changed without dry docking sounds like it might be useful, particularly on a vessel that operates in ice where we have had some experience with damaged propellers.

Extreme (Rogue) Waves, an Unrecognized Threat

During rescue operations off Hinchinbrook Island in the Gulf of Alaska on 7 August
1981, a Sikorsky HH-3F helicopter crashed in heavy seas, killing four crew members.

There have been lots of stories of giant waves or walls water much higher than the significant wave height that was prevailing at the time.

I experienced one personally while on a cadet cruise. It was a beautiful summer day on USCGC Mackinaw (WAGB-83) in 1968. I believe we were on Lake Superior. I was sitting on a stool in the CIC, when the ship suddenly took a 54 degree roll. It came out of nowhere.

Only recently has there been scientific study of how and why they form.

The Draupner wave, a single giant wave measured on New Year’s Day 1995, finally confirmed the existence of freak waves, which had previously been considered near-mythical.

Here are some sources:

It now seems they are much more common than previously believed. Preceded by a deep trough, they can be much higher than previously thought, up to four time the significant wave heights, and they can appear suddenly from unexpected directions.

Wikipedia has some historical information, and pointed me to an excellent two-page, 2006 US Naval Institute article, “Monster Waves Threaten Rescue Helicopters” by Senior Chief Ken Freeze, U.S. Coast Guard, (Retired). It does not reflect the most recent research, but it does suggest that they may explain the loss of Coast Guard helicopters hovering low during SAR cases, the sinking of some of the “more than 200 large supertankers and container ships during the last two decades,” and the “estimated two large ships sink every week for undetermined causes.”

The USNI article includes the following,

“David Feit, Chief of Ocean Forecast Branch for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Ocean Prediction Center…puts the waves in two categories, non-dispersive and dispersive. “A non-dispersive wave is one you can see coming at you. It travels for 6 to 10 miles before it dissipates. [But] the dispersive wave is the one that gets you,” he said. “It is a wave that suddenly seems to come from no where and goes away just as quickly. These waves are the result of the interactions of many different elements taking place at the time and are as forcastable as where the next lightning strike might occur.”

This Day in Coast Guard History, September 26

Miami-class cutter USCGC Tampa photographed in harbour, prior to the First World War. Completed in 1912 as the U.S. Revenue Cutter Miami, this ship was renamed Tampa in February 1916. On 26 September 1918, while operating in the English Channel, she was torpedoed and sunk by the German Submarine UB-91. All 131 persons on board Tampa were lost with her, the largest loss of life on any U.S. combat vessel during the First World War. Official U.S. Navy photo NH 1226 from the U.S. Navy Naval History and Heritage Command

1918 The Imperial German Navy submarine UB-91 torpedoed and sank CGC Tampa with a loss of all hands. Tampa was steaming alone to Milford Haven, Wales, after being detached from ocean escort duty when attacked.  On board were 111 Coast Guardsmen, four U.S. Navy personnel, and 15 British passengers, bringing the total of men lost that night to 130.  One body was recovered and buried at sea while the bodies of two of the Coast Guard crew washed ashore in Wales and were buried in a small church yard in Lamphey, Pembrokeshire, Wales.  One body was returned to the family in the U.S. after the war while one, who was never identified, is still interred in Lamphey to this day.  Local residents care for the grave.

USCGC Ingham (WPG-35) underway in heavy seas, circa 1941-1944, location unknown.
US Coast Guard photo # 2000225945

1942 CGC Ingham rescued eight survivors from the torpedoed SS Tennessee.

1994 Coast Guard forces departed for Haiti in support of Operation Restore Democracy.

A boat crew from Coast Guard Station St. Petersburg, Florida, conducts training near the station on a new 29-foot response boat-small II Aug. 25, 2014. The Coast Guard placed a delivery order for 20 additional boats Jan. 12, 2018. U.S. Coast Guard photo by Seaman Meredith Manning.

2011 The U.S. Coast Guard awarded a delivery order on this date to Metal Shark Aluminum Boats for the production of 38 Response Boats-Small (RB-S). “The RB-S will have an approximate length of 28 feet, be capable of at least 40 knots, a minimum range of 150 nautical miles and accommodate a crew of four.  The RB-S will also have a standardized communications and navigation suite as well as an increased emphasis on ergonomics and crew comfort.  The current RB-S fleet was originally procured in 2002, following the attacks of September 11, 2001.  In addition to bringing a higher level of standardization to the Coast Guard’s small boat fleet, the RB-S has proven to be a tremendous asset in a wide variety of Coast Guard missions, especially ports, waterways and coastal security.”

Coast Guard Academy Cadets climb the rigging of Coast Guard Cutter Eagle (WIX 327) while underway July, 30, 2024. The Eagle serves as a classroom at sea for Academy Cadets and future leaders in the Coast Guard. (U.S. Coast Guard photo by Petty Officer 3rd Class Matt Thieme)

2014 CGB Eagle began the first phase of a four-year project to extend the cutter’s service life and recapitalize major ship systems at the Coast Guard Yard in Curtis Bay, Maryland.  The scheduled work included lead ballast replacement, berthing area renovations, and inspection and maintenance of the rudder, hull and rigging.  On this same day the Yard also marked the completion of the Mission Effectiveness Project (MEP) to modernize the Coast Guard’s medium endurance cutter fleet.

The Coast Guard Cutter Sapelo transfers 38 Haitian migrants to the Coast Guard Cutter Bear Sept. 9, 2013, north of the Dominican Republic as part of the repatriation process, which included a second transfer of the migrants, who repatriated, to the Coast Guard Cutter Vigilant and turned the migrants over to authorities in Cap-Haitien, Haiti, Sept. 12, 2013. The 38 migrants originally belonged to a group of 41 migrants interdicted by the Coast Guard Cutter Sapelo Sept. 7, 2013, near Mona Island, Puerto Rico. Three of the migrants, of Dominican Republic nationality, in the group were taken into custody by Customs and Border Protection authorities in Puerto Rico. (U.S. Coast Guard photo)

2014 CGC Bear returned to its homeport in Portsmouth, Virginia following a two-month long patrol in the Western Caribbean Sea. During the patrol, Bear’s crew coordinated with multiple countries in Central and South America, along with partner agencies to stem the flow of illegal drugs into the United States.  The unified effort resulted in the interdiction of multiple suspected drug smugglers and vessels transporting approximately 3,519 kilograms of cocaine.  In addition to its seizures, the crew of Bear saved two Nicaraguan fishermen that were stranded at sea for over two weeks.  Bear’s interdictions were a part of Operation Martillo, which is an international effort to counter illicit trafficking in the Caribbean Sea.

U.S. Coast Guard Cutters Stratton (WMSL 752) and Kimball (WMSL 756) steam in formation while patrolling the U.S.-Russian Maritime Boundary Line (MBL), in the Bering Sea, Sept. 26, 2022. This marked the first time two national security cutters jointly patrolled the MBL above the Arctic Circle. (U.S. Coast Guard courtesy photo).

2022 CGC Stratton (WMSL 752) and CGC Kimball (WMSL 756) jointly patrolled the US-Russian maritime boundary line in the Arctic Circle. Stratton and Kimball performed a series of tactical maneuvers following standard NATO phraseology. The operation furthered US national security strategy and projected US sovereignty in the Arctic Circle. Following the evolution, Kimball turned south to transit the Bering Strait and Stratton turned north towards the Chukchi Sea to continue on its patrol throughout the Arctic Ocean.

“Mission success! Coast Guard exceeds 2024 recruitment target” –MyCG

Coast Guard Chief Petty Officer Jenna Coffey, a production recruiter at Recruiting Office D.C., talks about enlistment opportunities and incentives in Washington, D.C., September 19, 2024. (U.S. Coast Guard photo by Petty Officer 1st Class Zachary Hupp)

Below is a story from MyCG that discusses how the success was achieved, but in some respects, it is not as detailed as an earlier report from CBS. For instance, it does not mention that the maximum age for admission has been raised from 27 to 42, but taken together the two reports provides a good picture of how this success was achieved. Compared to what has been happening in other armed services, this is a remarkable turnaround. That is why it was national news.


Sept. 25, 2024

Mission success! Coast Guard exceeds 2024 recruitment target

By Zach Shapiro, MyCG Staff

For the first time since 2007, the Coast Guard has achieved all its recruiting missions for enlisted active duty, the Reserve, and Non-Academy Officer Candidate School (OCS) accessions. Thanks to Coast Guard Recruiting Command’s perseverance and coordination, the Coast Guard has accessed over 4,400 active duty members.

“This achievement would not have been possible without the efforts of our workforce and senior leadership’s investment in this endeavor,” said Capt. Ben Keffer, commanding officer of Coast Guard Recruiting Command (CGRC). Updated Coast Guard policies on the maximum recruiting age and tattoos, among others, have empowered recruiters to cast a wider net in their efforts.

Since 2022, the Coast Guard has opened new recruiting offices and added 95 new recruiting billets to process applicants. Today, the service has 72 traditional recruiting offices, 13 detached duty recruiting offices, 389 production recruiters, and four virtual recruiters. “I joke with my recruiters that I’ve still recruited zero people, but they’ve done over 4,400, so it’s a huge shout out to them, because the level of effort it takes to recruit people is no small feat,” Keffer emphasized.

The Coast Guard workforce and community has also had a hand in this success. Through programs like Scout Talent and Refer (STAR), which provides $1,000 for any Coast Guard member or employee who refers a recruit, and the bonus structures and incentives for new applicants, members and civilian employees play a critical role in spreading the word about the service.

“By exceeding this year’s recruiting mission, we are building a stronger Coast Guard, leaving the service better prepared for tomorrow’s challenges,” Keffer noted. “But the work isn’t over. We need your help to build this success into 2025 and beyond. We encourage Coast Guard members and employees to keep telling your friends about careers in the Coast Guard and to keep up their great work, which represents the Coast Guard well in our communities and nationwide.”

-USCG-

In the news: 
Resources: 

This Day in Coast Guard History, September 25

Boston Light, America’s First Aid to Navigation, now over 300 years old.

1916 The beginning of lighthouse work in the United States was commemorated, when a bronze tablet was unveiled at the Boston Light Station on the 200th anniversary of its establishment.

Cutter Yocona towing environmental bouy (EB-16) off of San Diego underway for deployment. May 19,1975.

1959 A U.S. Navy P5M seaplane that had ditched off the Oregon coast was located through radio contact by a Coast Guard UF-1G Albatross aircraft.  After sighting 10 survivors in two rafts 110 miles offshore, the Albatross crew directed CGC  Yacona to the scene, where a successful night rescue was affected.

“Coast Guard Cutter Forward and Coast Guard Cutter Bear, homeported in Portsmouth, Virginia, finish an at-sea transfer while underway on a two-month patrol. Coast Guard Cutter Forward returned to homeport on April 10, 2021.” (U.S. Coast Guard photo)

1980 CGC Bear was launched at Tacoma Boatbuilding Company, Inc., in Tacoma, Washington.  Bear was the first in its class of new 270-foot medium endurance cutters.  It was sponsored by Mrs. John B. Hayes, the wife of the Commandant. All thirteen ships of the class are still in Coast Guard service.

2014 The Commandant, ADM Paul Zukunft, signed the U.S. Coast Guard Western Hemisphere Strategy.  The Strategy emphasized that although the Coast Guard performs “diverse maritime missions over vast geographic areas” the Coast Guard’s primary operating area “will remain in the Western hemisphere.”

2016 The U.S. Coast Guard found an overturned boat following a boating incident on Government Cut that left three deceased, including Miami Marlins’ baseball pitcher José Fernández.  A boat crew from Coast Guard Station Miami was heading out on a law enforcement patrol at approximately 0330 when they passed a jetty along Government Cut and discovered an overturned 33-foot center console boat on the jetty with three deceased aboard.

“European navies chase the white whale of torpedo-busting torpedoes” –Defense News

Defense News reports on the progress, or lack of progress, on the European SeaSpider anti-torpedo torpedo.

I think my post “What Does It Take to Sink a Ship” may have been quoted,

“Torpedoes have historically been one of the main threats to surface vessels, with the weapon involved in more than half of sinkings of U.S. Navy ships during World War II, according to U.S. Coast Guard data cited by Dutch researchers at TNO, a government-linked research organization.”

My summary data on 92 sinkings of major US Navy surface warships during WWII was,

  • 38 by torpedoes alone (41.3%)
  • 16 by suicide planes (17.4%)
  • 12 Bombs alone (13%)
  • 11 by gunfire alone (12%)
  • 6 by torpedoes and gunfire (6.5%)
  • 5 by mines (5.4%)
  • 4 by torpedoes and bombs (4.3%)
  • 1 by bombs finished off by gunfire (1.1%)

As can be seen, torpedoes were involved in 48 of the 92 sinkings (52%).

With so little apparent progress on the European system I wonder if they are waiting to see if the Very Light Weight Torpedo, also called the Compact Rapid Attack Weapon (CRAW), will be successful as an anti-torpedo torpedo.

Unfortunately, I have not heard anything about the CRAW since early 2023 when Raytheon was awarded a contract to build 18 prototypes for use on submarines.

This Day in Coast Guard History, September 24

The ship’s sponsor, “Mrs. Harry J. Trainor, christening LST-167 prior to the ship’s launching, 25 February 1943, at Missouri Valley Bridge and Iron Company, Shipbuilding Division, Evansville, IN. Evansville Vanderburgh Public Library.

1943 The Coast Guard-manned USS LST-167 (Commissioned 27 April 1943, LT Edward C. Simons, USCG commanding) and the USS LST-334, with a partial Coast Guard crew, landed troops during the invasion and liberation of Vella Lavella in the central Solomons despite fierce resistance from the Japanese defenders. September 25, Japanese aircraft attacked the invasion fleet, hitting LST-167 with two bombs. The ship was refloated but found uneconomical to repair, struck from the Naval Register, 6 December 1943. Purple Hearts (KIA-8, WIA-2, MIA-5). KIA – ENS. Miller, Robert W.; ENS Wells , Harry F.; F1/c Anderson, Roy; Cox Bubeck, Sheldon T.; WT1/c Hammond, Gerald G.; EM3/c Poi, Giovanni; Y2/c Rieckert, Frederick; S1/c Sexton, Donald A. (1 additional enlisted man was killed in action. 1 enlisted man died of wounds. 5 enlisted men were missing in action.

1947 The Coast Guard announced that it had virtually completed the return of United States buoys, lights, and other aids to navigation to a peacetime basis.

Antenna of USCG Rescue 21 system at Cape Hatteras National Seashore.

2002 The Coast Guard announced the award of a $611 million contract for the production, deployment and support of “Rescue 21,” a modernization of the National Distress and Response System.  “Rescue 21” was planned to be the nation’s primary maritime “911” system for coastal waters of the continental United States, Alaska, Hawaii, Guam, Puerto Rico, and navigable rivers and lakes within the United States.

Pseudo-color IRF image of Rita from NASA GOES-12; processing by University of Wisconsin, Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies; used by implicit permission.

2005 Hurricane Rita made landfall just east of Sabine Pass, on the Texas-Louisiana line, as a Category 3 hurricane with top sustained winds of 120 mph.  Coast Guard units, some still in the area from Hurricane Katrina rescue and relief efforts, responded.  They saved 138 lives and evacuated 53 people.

A crewmember aboard a 26-foot over-the-horizon boat prepares to come alongside Coast Guard Cutter Alex Haley (WMEC 30) while underway in the Bering Sea in this 2019 photo. U.S. Coast Guard / Ensign Richard Zogby

2014 CGC Alex Haley returned to Kodiak following a successful 68-day deployment patrolling more than 12,000 miles throughout the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands.  Alex Haley, known as the “Bulldog of the Bering,” departed Kodiak in July 2014 and spent two months conducting operations in the Bering Sea and the Aleutian Islands.  During the deployment, Alex Haley’s crew performed more than 40 at sea domestic fisheries enforcement boardings, four search and rescue cases, and one rescue and assistance operation.

“Indonesia Launches Two Domestically Built 98-metre OPV” –Naval News

Indonesian Navy 98-metre OPV, KRI Lukas Rumkorem (392). Indonesian MoD picture.

Naval News reports Indonesia is completing two new 321 foot Offshore Patrol Vessels that are equipped like light frigates,

The Indonesian Navy (TNI AL) witnessed the launch of two of its future offshore patrol vessels (OPVs)…The first vessel, KRI Raja Haji Fisabilillah (391), was launched on September 18, while the second ship, KRI Lukas Rumkorem (392), followed on September 20….the two identical OPVs have a length of 98 metres and a width of 13.5 metres. The ships are capable of reaching a maximum speed of 28 knots, with a cruising speed of 20 knots.

“TNI AL revealed that both OPVs would be armed with Leonardo 76mm and 40mm guns, Escribano 20mm guns, Roketsan 2×4 Surface to Surface Missile Launcher System, and torpedo launchers.” (I added link found in this quote–Chuck)

These ships look like a Damen design, but there is no indication that is the case, and it doesn’t correspond to any of Damen’s designs. Indonesia has two classes of Damen designed warships, four corvettes and two light frigates, that may have influenced the design.

Wikipedia reports the ships are powered by four diesel engines. These are the same type of 7,280 kW (9,760 hp) MTU/Fairbanks Morse 16V28/33D STC diesel engines used in the Offshore Patrol Cutter (OPC). The Indonesian OPVs use four engines while the OPC uses only two.

Significantly the anti-ship cruise missiles are from Turkey rather than China, a previous supplier.

Indonesian 45.5 meter Patrol Vessels KRI Butana and KRI Selar. TNI AL picture.

The Naval News report also indicates that Indonesia has also recently acquired two 149 foot vessels similar to the Fast Response Cutters (pictured above).

“…on September 5, the service welcomed two new PC-40-class patrol boats, KRI Butana (878) and KRI Selar (879) …Armed with MSI-DS Seahawk LW30M guns (the 30mm Mk38 Mod4 in US service–Chuck), the two PC-40 vessels…are 45.5 metres long and 7.9 metres wide. They can achieve a maximum speed of 24 knots and a cruising speed of 17 knots…each with a crew of 35…”

This Day in Coast Guard History, September 23

September 23

1967 Coho Salmon Fishing Disaster: On this date a severe squall carried through the Frankfort River Platte area of northern Lake Michigan. Twenty-five-foot waves generated by the squall caught off guard an estimated 1,000 small boats fishing for Coho salmon.  Between 150 and 200 boats were beached and many more were either capsized or otherwise in distress.  During the next four days Coast Guard aircraft flew 33 sorties for a total of 55 hours.  State and Local police provided beach patrols and private individuals also aided in the operation.  One of the greatest problems faced by the Coast Guard was the confusion created by the hundreds of people unaccounted for after the storm, most of whom were not in trouble but had just not contacted their friends or family.  Each report of a missing person was carefully followed through so that within four days it was determined that seven had been recovered and only one person remained unaccounted for.  The Coho salmon which attracted the large number of boats to the area remained in season for another three weeks and during this time the Coast Guard maintained daily aircraft and small boat patrols of the area.

2014 CGC Key Largo collided with the 42-foot commercial fishing vessel Sea Shepherd, sinking the fishing vessel approximately nine nautical miles east northeast of Vieques, Puerto Rico. Key Largo was on a routine patrol when the collision happened. Sea Shepherd’s two crewmembers were safely recovered by the crew of Key Largo.