Category Archives: Shipbuilding

“Helsinki Shipyard Begins Construction of Canadian Polar Icebreaker” –60 Degrees North

Posted on by
2

Canada’s Polar Max. I had the opportunity to attend the steel-cutting ceremony. Photo: Peter Rybski

60 Degrees North reports,

From an August 20th Davie press release:

In a historic milestone for the Canadian shipbuilding industry, Davie today officially began construction of the Polar Max icebreaker, a vessel that, once delivered by 2030, will redefine Canada’s Arctic capabilities.

Uniquely, Polar Max will be constructed through an innovative industrial collaboration between Canadian-controlled facilities in Helsinki, Finland and Lévis, Canada. Construction on the Polar Max hull will begin at Davie’s Helsinki Shipyard, which has built 100% of the complex medium to heavy icebreakers delivered from Finland over the past 25 years.

“The ICE Pact: One Year Later” –Sixty Degrees North

Posted on by
Reply

Canadian Coast Guard Multi-Purpose Icebreaker (MPI). Source: Seaspan
Note: The MPI image does not show the right propulsors; it will use Steerprop’s contra-rotating propulsors (CRP). Additionally according to Seaspan, the design could easily be upgraded to PC3. Confirmation from Seaspan and Aker Arctic. 

To get a realistic view of the potential of the ICE Pact, I recommend a review of the Sixty Degrees North’s review of the state of the agreement after the first year–useful, but perhaps less than we might have hoped.

“Coast Guard announces agreement to construct new polar security cutter shipyard facilities” –CG-9

Posted on by
Reply

I am trying to catch up on things, but while this is an August 4 release from the Acquisitions Directorate, I think it is an important step in integrating the PSC’s machinery and providing training.

Coast Guard announces agreement to construct new polar security cutter shipyard facilities

Aug. 4, 2025 —As part of continuing efforts to foster growth within the domestic shipbuilding industry and maintain momentum for acquisition priorities, the Coast Guard on July 23 formalized an agreement with Bollinger Mississippi Shipbuilding (BMS) to construct a production integration facility and land-based test facility at the shipyard in Pascagoula, Mississippi, in support of the Polar Security Cutter (PSC) Program.

This action represents a significant step in the Coast Guard’s continuing investment in the domestic shipbuilding sector and collaboration with industry partners to deliver critical assets to the nation. The construction of both facilities represents a significant capital investment partnership between the Coast Guard and BMS that will support streamlined production and integration of PSC mechanical and communication systems for a simplified installation process.

The Coast Guard modified the construction contract for the first PSC, originally awarded on March 25, 2025, to provide funding for the integration and test facilities via capital expenditure incentives. These incentives benefit the shipyard by providing access to funding for facility upgrades, workforce training and wage increases.

For more information: Polar Security Cutter Program page

“Finnish and Canadian Firms Team Up to Offer Arctic Security Cutters to U.S. Coast Guard” –SixtyDegreesNorth

Posted on by
3

Canadian CG MPV. Credit Aker Arctic.

Here we have a post from Peter Rybski (prybski@gmail.com) thought many of my readers might find interesting. It’s reprinted with his permission.

It suggests that a partnership of Canadian and Finnish shipyards may be in the lead to provide two Arctic Security Cutters using the design for the Canadian Coast Guard’s Multi-Purpose Vessel, a light icebreaker, and that follow on ships of this class would be built in the US.

This is not the first time Peter’s analysis has appeared here:

“Analyzing the Arctic Security Cutter Request for Information” –Sixty Degrees North

We have been following the Canadian Coast Guard’s Multi-purpose vessel program.

Canadian CG MPV. Credit Aker Arctic.

Note also that Canadian Shipbuilder Davie has announced an intention to acquire and modernize Gulf Copper & Manufacturing Corporation with facilities in Port Arthur and Galveston.

Aerial photo of Gulf Copper Dry Dock and Rig Repair in Galveston, Texas. In the dry dock is the former USS Texas, length 573 ft (175 m) (overall), beam 95 ft 2.5 in (29.020 m), displacement 27,000 tons, so big enough for a Polar Security Cutter. Shutterstock photo by Felix Mizioznikov.

Finnish and Canadian Firms Team Up to Offer Arctic Security Cutters to U.S. Coast Guard

According to the proposal, Seaspan’s Multi-Purpose Icebreaker design would be built in Finland by Rauma Marine Constructions (RMC), with Aker Arctic (who did the concept design) providing support.

PETER RYBSKI
JUL 11, 2025
I’m currently away from Finland, visiting family in the USA. Last week, while I was grilling hamburgers and hot dogs during a family Independence Day Barbecue, a regional Finnish newspaper (Satakunnan Kansa) ran a very interesting article:

RMC’s Nieminen returned from a sales trip to the USA: “Rauma Shipyard is Number One.”

RMC is part of a consortium that is offering two icebreakers to the U.S. Coast Guard, as well as extensive training.

Caption: “We would have the shipyard ready for use at just the right time,” says RMC CEO Mika Nieminen hopefully.

(translation via google, with some corrections for clarification):

A satisfied man walked through Helsinki-Vantaa Airport on Thursday afternoon. RMC CEO Mika Nieminen returned from a sales trip to the USA, where he brought back some good news.

Nieminen was presenting the ship design of the consortium he represents to the US Coast Guard and the reception was excellent.

“Our ship design exceeded expectations and it is the design that the Coast Guard wants. The number one is the Rauma shipyard, which would also build it. The feedback was very positive.”

In addition to RMC, the consortium represented by Nieminen includes the Canadian shipbuilder Seaspan Shipyards and the Finnish ship design firm Aker Arctic Technology Oy.

The Canadian shipyard will start building medium-sized icebreakers based on the same model next year. Canada plans to build 16 icebreakers. This same ship model is now being offered to the US Coast Guard, but with RMC building the ships.

This is clearly referring to Seaspan’s Multi-Purpose Icebreaker (MPI) design, which I discussed in a recent article:

Analyzing the Arctic Security Cutter Request for Information

Analyzing the Arctic Security Cutter Request for Information

PETER RYBSKI
·
JUN 15
Read full story

Canada’s Multi-Purpose Icebreaker (MPI, formerly known as the Multi-Purpose Vessel): Modern design that meets all of the listed requirements [for the U.S. Coast Guard’s Arctic Security Cutters]. The first flight of six vessels (of a planned sixteen) are scheduled to be built by Seaspan at their Vancouver shipyard….

Seaspan’s Vancouver Shipyard is at capacity through approximately 2029. While they will begin building MPIs for the Canadian Coast Guard, there is no room to build one for the U.S. Coast Guard in the relevant timeframe….

Building MPIs at RMC is an interesting idea, but I have no idea if that is actually under consideration.

It is more than just under consideration. According to the Satakunnan Kansa article, RMC would build the first two MPIs for the U.S. Coast Guard in Finland by 2028. The deal would also involve working with U.S. shipbuilders to ensure they had the training and skill to build subsequent vessels of the class in the USA. Cost information is not yet available.

Canadian Coast Guard Multi-Purpose Icebreaker (MPI). Source: Seaspan
Note: The MPI image does not show the right propulsors; it will use Steerprop’s contra-rotating propulsors (CRP). Additionally according to Seaspan, the design could easily be upgraded to PC3. Confirmation from Seaspan and Aker Arctic.

In April, Finnish newspaper Helsingin Sanomat published an article about negotiations between the U.S. Coast Guard and RMC to build a significant number of icebreakers, but the details were not subsequently confirmed. Before publishing this article, I reached out to RMC, Seaspan, and Aker Arctic for comments. As of press time, Aker Arctic and Seaspan responded, confirming many of the details in the article.

Arto Uuskallio, Head of Sales at Aker Arctic, commented via e-mail:

It’s natural that we are involved, since the MPI is an Aker Arctic concept, and it’s good to have a partner onboard who understands the possibilities and limitations of the ship concept. More detailed comments will likely come from the shipyards.

Dave Hargreaves, Seaspan’s Senior Vice President for Strategy, Business Development, and Communication, provided the following comments via e-mail:

We have consulted with many U.S. and non-U.S. shipyards regarding their readiness and aptitude to build the MPI design for the U.S. Coast Guard ASC program including Rauma Shipyard in Finland.

Rauma has a track record of delivering ice-capable vessels in less than 36 months — including recent programs. As a fully capable, end-to-end shipyard, Rauma is the lowest risk and best option to meet the 36-month requirement. Unlike other shipyards, Rauma has an active panel line and block fabrication facility that is ready to start production today — it does not require any further investment or ramp up in workforce to begin construction. This significantly lowers the risk of meeting the schedule requirement.

Together, with Rauma and Aker, Seaspan has developed a comprehensive plan detailing how we will work with a U.S. shipyard to transfer the design, knowledge, expertise and build plans to enable future ASC vessels to be built in the United States. This approach will deliver a comprehensive, U.S.-built ASC fleet for the U.S. Coast Guard while enhancing domestic icebreaker shipbuilding — avoiding the delays, costs and risks of long-term, high-investment alternatives.

I take his comment about schedule risk as a subtle dig at Davie/Helsinki Shipyard. I’ve been reading these press releases and comments long enough to see the back-and-forth, sometimes subtle, between Seaspan and Davie, and RMC and Helsinki Shipyard. I expect to read more of this, but am much more interested in tracking the progress of ongoing ship construction (such as the Canadian Polar Icebreakers being built by Seaspan and Davie) than in following their rhetorical barbs.

Helsinki Shipyard has an excellent track record of delivering icebreakers in less than thirty-six months, as I noted here.

Rauma Marine Constructions was unable to provide additional comments by publication time, but did say that more information would be coming out soon.

Thoughts and Comments

The Multi-Purpose Icebreaker is a solid design, and Rauma Marine Constructions is a capable shipyard with a solid track record. As my goal in writing about icebreakers has always been to assist the U.S. Coast Guard in getting the ships that it needs in a relevant timeline, I view the Seaspan/RMC/Aker consortium’s proposal as a positive development.

Davie does not comment on any of its ongoing negotiations, but it seems likely that it is offering its MPPS-100 to the U.S. Coast Guard to be built first in Helsinki Shipyard, and later (perhaps) in Texas.

The only announced player without any information about its proposed design is the United Shipbuilding Alliance created by Bollinger and Edison Chouest Offshore.

May the U.S. Coast Guard get the best ships for its needs in the shortest amount of time and at a good price! I’ll certainly be tracking all of these details closely.

Thanks for reading. Be sure to subscribe and share so that you never miss an update on this fast-moving and important topic.

Until next time-

All the Best,

PGR

Share

Leave a comment

 

Austal Launches First Steel Ship / Good News for OPC Program?

Posted on by
1

Future USNS Billy Frank Jr. (T-ATS 11), June 2025

Below is an Austal USA news release,

Hopefully, this success suggests the Austal portion of the Offshore Patrol Cutter program will move along faster than the Eastern portion.

This ship, the future USNS Billy Frank, Jr. is the first in the second phase of procurement of a planned class of ten. The first five were contracted to Gulf Island Fabrication. The shipyard and the contract passed to Bollinger, 19 April 2021.

Austal got their contract for up to five in October 2021 (FY2022).

These are simpler ships than the OPCs, costing less than $80M each, but their full load displacement is actually more than that of the OPCs. The rate of progress seems to bode well for the OPCs. Billy Frank was laid down 14 November 2023 and launched 14 June 2025, 17 months later.

Certainly the Independence class trimaran Littoral Combat Ships that Austal has been building for 20 years are at least as complex as the OPC, and the last one, USS Pierre (LCS-38) went from keel laying to launch in only 14 months. We can’t expect construction of the first OPC to go that quickly, but for later ships it might be possible.

Two of the Bollinger ships are reportedly completed, but I have seen no indication they are  in service yet. The first took 41 months from laid down to launch, the second took 52 months to reach the same milestones. The third and fourth Bollinger built ships had keels laid in 2022 but have yet to be launched.

But were they late?:

It appears that the Austal contract actually anticipated faster delivery than we are seeing.

“The projected delivery for T-ATS 11 is in early FY 2025, with one more ship delivering in FY 2025, and two ships delivering in FY 2026.”

The Bollinger contract anticipated a slower delivery,

“The projected delivery for T-ATS 6 is in FY 2026, with follow-on Bollinger ships delivering each subsequent FY.”

Offshore Patrol Cutters: 

Austal got the Phase II contract for up to eleven OPCs in June 2022 and began building their first OPC in late August 2024. With Austal completing their last LCS, I hope to see rapid progress on OPCs #5-15.

JUNE 18, 2025

AUSTAL USA LAUNCHES FIRST STEEL SHIP FUTURE USNS BILLY FRANK JR. (T-ATS 11)

MOBILE, Ala. – Austal USA successfully launched the company’s first steel ship, the future USNS Billy Frank Jr. (T-ATS 11), on June 14.  Named after a native American Korean War veteran who, as an activist, fought for justice and environmental preservation in the Northwest United States, Billy Frank Jr. is a Navy Towing, Salvage and Rescue Ship – one of 3 under construction at Austal USA and the first steel product of the company’s state-of-the-art automated steel panel line.

“It was amazing to see the flawless rollout of our first steel ship,” said Harley Combs, vice president of surface ship programs. “The completion of this milestone is the result of the hard work and dedication of our talented workforce.  I am so proud of all they have accomplished.”

At 3,100 metric tons, T-ATS 11 is the heaviest ship Austal USA has launched to date. The launch was executed using the proven process used to launch most of the 32 Navy ships the company has built and delivered to the Navy over the last 15 years.

T-ATS will provide ocean-going towing, salvage and rescue capabilities to support fleet operations. T-ATS will be a multi-mission common hull platform capable of towing U.S. Navy ships and will have 6,000 square feet of deck space for embarked systems. The large, unobstructed deck allows for the embarkation of a variety of stand-alone and interchangeable systems. The T-ATS platform will combine the capabilities of the retiring Rescue and Salvage Ship (T-ARS 50) and Fleet Ocean Tug (T-ATF 166) platforms. T-ATS will be able to support current missions including towing, salvage, rescue, oil spill response, humanitarian assistance, and wide-area search and surveillance. The platform also enables future rapid capability initiatives such as supporting modular payloads with hotel services and appropriate interfaces.

With the ship over 85 percent complete at the time of launch, the future USNS Billy Frank Jr. will now prepare for her next major milestone, engine light off, as she gets ready for sea trials and delivery.

“Analyzing the Arctic Security Cutter Request for Information” –Sixty Degrees North

Posted on by
8

Canadian CG MPV. Credit Aker Arctic.

An excellent article here from Sixty Degrees North.

Minor difference with the analysis above, authors states,

“Note that it is about 3,000 nautical miles from Seattle to northern Alaska, so the 6,000 nm range in the RFI is likely insufficient for meaningful operations in the Arctic.”

The 6500 nautical mile range listed in the RFI is probably adequate given the possibility of refueling in Alaska, although longer range is always a desirable attribute.

Note there has been considerable news lately that Canadian Shipbuilder Davie has announced an intention to acquire Gulf Copper & Manufacturing Corporation with facilities in Port Arthur and Galveston. It is always going to be difficult to sell the idea that US military vessels should be built outside the US.

“Request for Information – Arctic Security Cutter (ASC): Icebreaking Capable Vessels or Vessel Designs that are Ready for Construction / This Could be the Great Lakes Icebreaker Too

Posted on by
4

Canadian CG MPV. Credit Aker Arctic.

The Coast Guard issued a Request for Information Apr 11, 2025 01:14 pm EDT with a response date of Apr 25, 2025 05:00 pm EDT.

Description

The United States Coast Guard (USCG) is conducting market research to assess the current capabilities of the U.S. and international maritime industrial base to support Arctic Security Cutter (ASC) acquisition efforts. Specifically, the USCG is seeking to increase their understanding of existing icebreaking capable vessels or vessel designs that are ready for construction or already in production.

The USCG is also interested in proven execution and build strategies and the ability of global shipyards to support the construction and subsequent launch of an icebreaking-capable vessel within 36-months of a contract award.

Responses are due no later than 5:00 PM ET on April 25, 2025.

Interested parties shall refer to the attached RFI package for complete submission requirements, technical expectations, and response format guidance. All responses shall be submitted electronically per the instructions provided.

This RFI does not constitute a Request for Proposal (RFP), nor does it guarantee future contract award. Responses will be used solely for market research and planning purposes.

The RFI includes the following preliminary specifications:

What we see here is not particularly demanding. Healy is rated for breaking 4.5 ft at 3 knots. Reportedly Mackinaw can continuously proceed through fresh water ice up to 32 inches (81 cm) thick at 3 knots or 14 inches (36 cm) at 10 knots. It seems likely the ship may not need the 20,000 HP that has defined the lower limit for what the Coast Guard calls a Medium Icebreaker. The similar sized approximately 8,500 ton USCGC Glacier was capable of continuously breaking 4 ft of ice at 3 knots with 21,000 HP.

It appears that the Norwegian Svalbard and the Canadian Harry DeWolf (ice class 5) and Multi-Purpose Vessels (ice class 4) could qualify.

The maximum dimensions proposed would allow the icebreaker to transit the Saint Lawrence Seaway, meaning these could also serve as Great Lakes Icebreakers.

When the original USCGC Mackinaw was build, the Wind class icebreaker design was altered, making the ship broader with a shallower draft, only 19.5 feet vs 25’9″ for the Wind class. The maximum draft to pass the Saint Lawrence Seaway is 26.5 feet (8.08 meters). Since the draft specified for the Arctic Security Cutter is only 23 feet, I presume there is at least one port they plan to use where that is a controlling depth.

“Canada, Finland tout different paths of ‘icebreaker diplomacy’ with US” –Defense News

Posted on by
Reply

Coast Guard Cutter Healy (WAGB 20) and crew conduct formation steaming exercises with Candian Coast Guard Ship Sir Wilfrid Laurier and crew in the Beaufort Sea, July 28, 2023. The crew conducted a passenger exchange with the Sir Wilfrid Laurier off the coast of Utqiagvik, Alaska. (U.S. Coast Guard photo by Petty Officer 1st Class Michael Underwood)

Defense News reports,

Canadian and Finnish shipbuilders have made different offers to the United States for the production of icebreakers, which must weigh what it values more: speed or its sovereign shipyard industry.

It becomes a question of priorities with conflicting aims,

  • Get them fast?
  • Build in US yards to expand US shipbuilding capabilities?
  • Increase the USCG budget to pay for rapid acquisition?

It is unlikely, possibly impossible, the answer to all these questions will be yes.

“BOLLINGER SHIPYARDS SECURES $951 MILLION U.S. COAST GUARD CONTRACT MODIFICATION FOR POLAR SECURITY CUTTER PROGRAM” –Bollinger News Release

Posted on by
3

Below is a news release from Bollinger Shipyards.

The expected cost of these ships has gone up considerably, but comparing the current cost of the program, $5.1B for three ships, to the recent Canadian contracts for a similar ship, it seems the initial estimates were never realistic.

Tuesday, March 25, 2025 – Bollinger Shipyards announced today it has received a $951.6 million Fixed-Price-Incentive-Firm Target (FPIF) contract modification from the United States Coast Guard, advancing the Detail Design and Construction phase of the Polar Security Cutter (PSC) Program. This milestone underscores Bollinger’s integral role in strengthening America’s maritime presence and operational capabilities in the Arctic.

“Securing this contract modification has truly been a herculean effort and underscores the incredible trust the U.S. Government has placed in Bollinger to build and deliver the first heavy polar icebreaker in half a century,” said Ben Bordelon, President and CEO of Bollinger Shipyards. “We wouldn’t be in the solid position we’re in today without the leadership and the tireless efforts of the entire team at Bollinger Mississippi Shipbuilding. Their hard work and dedication have successfully put the PSC program on a strong path forward after a rocky start under the previous, foreign-owned builder. We now look forward to receiving the green light to begin full production.”

Bordelon also expressed gratitude for the role of national and state leadership in moving this program forward.

“I am also grateful for the leadership of President Trump and his Administration in recognizing the urgent need for American-made icebreakers. Because of his foresight and commitment to rebuilding America’s shipbuilding capabilities, this historic project is now moving forward.”

Bordelon also acknowledged Mississippi’s leadership for championing the PSC Program and state as a dominant force in shipbuilding.

“I also want to thank Governor Reeves and Mississippi’s Congressional Delegation for their leadership and support, especially as we leverage ongoing state and local investments to ensure Bollinger Mississippi remains the premier example of American shipbuilding.”

“As the Arctic grows as an arena of great power competition, the United States will require far more icebreaking capability from the U.S. Coast Guard to defend our interests in the region. Today’s award is a testament to the good work that Bollinger continues to do on the Polar Security Cutter program and the growing urgency with which their platforms are needed to boost our national defense,” said U.S. Sen. Roger Wicker (R-MS), Chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee. “The Mississippi Gulf Coast will not only benefit from even more national security-focused quality jobs and economic development, but it will also continue to be a national player and powerhouse in mission-critical innovation and military capability.”

“Mississippi continues to prove its status as the premier destination for American shipbuilding—driving both national defense and commercial maritime strength,” said U.S. Senator Cindy Hyde-Smith (R-MS). “This milestone not only reinforces the Gulf Coast’s strategic importance, but it also reflects the value of returning critical shipbuilding programs to experienced, American-owned hands. Under Bollinger Shipyards’ strong leadership and investment, a once-stalled program will move forward with renewed urgency. I fully support this effort, which brings more high-quality jobs to Mississippi and ensures the Coast Guard is able to meet the growing challenges in the Arctic and beyond.”

Bollinger’s continued investment and growth on the Mississippi Gulf Coast reflect the skills, strength and talent of Mississippi’s workforce,” said Mississippi Governor Tate Reeves. “This announcement reinforces Mississippi’s pivotal role in American shipbuilding and solidifies Mississippi’s reputation as a national leader in maritime innovation and excellence.”

“Bollinger Mississippi Shipyards has a strong track record in American shipbuilding, and their role in the Polar Security Cutter program is another important step. This historic milestone strengthens national security, supports the domestic shipbuilding workforce, and enhances our Arctic presence. Ensuring the U.S. Coast Guard has the tools it needs is critical, and I look forward to seeing this project move forward,” said U.S. Rep. Mike Ezell (R-MS-04).

As Bollinger continues to enhance its operations in Mississippi into world-class shipyards, the company remains committed to making strategic investments to modernize and expand its capabilities. Additionally, the contract modification ensures Bollinger continues to provide its workforce with industry-leading wages throughout the life of the PSC program. Since acquiring foreign-owned VT Halter in November 2022, Bollinger has made a significant economic impact in the state through targeted investments and workforce expansion. To date, Bollinger has invested $76 million across its Mississippi facilities, including Bollinger Mississippi Shipbuilding (BMS), Bollinger Mississippi Repair (BMR), Bollinger Gulfport Shipyard (BGS), and CHAND Gulf Coast.

Since the acquisition in 2022, Bollinger has increased its Mississippi workforce by over 61%, with production roles at BMS alone increasing by more than 178%.  These numbers are expected to rise as the program reaches full production over the coming years. A key driver of this growth has been Bollinger’s innovative Bootcamp workforce development programs, which continue to strengthen the skilled labor pipeline.

“Our investment in developing the next generation of skilled American workers not only strengthens our competitive edge in the shipbuilding industry but also underscores our commitment to fostering economic growth and American innovation,” added Bordelon. “We are committed to providing high-quality careers that positively impact the families and communities we support along Mississippi’s Gulf coast.”

This contract modification primarily supports operations at Bollinger Mississippi Shipbuilding, with additional project contributions from facilities located in Massachusetts, Illinois, Virginia, Georgia, Louisiana, and other regions. Completion of the first Polar Security Cutter is anticipated by May 2030.

The Polar Security Cutter will provide the United States with enhanced operational capability in polar regions, playing a critical role in safeguarding national security, economic stability, and supporting vital maritime and commercial interests.

“Brazil to start the construction of 11 new NPa500MB offshore patrol vessels” –Navy News

Posted on by
Reply

The planned total cost for the eight NPa500MB OPVs is estimated at 2.8 billion reais (~476 million USD), while three other vessels will be specifically configured for mine countermeasures operations. (Picture source: Emgepron)

Army Recognition’s Navy News reports,

“…February 24, 2025, the Brazilian Navy’s Naval Systems Design Center (CPSN) delivered the basic engineering plan for the 500-ton offshore patrol vessel (NPa500MB) to Emgepron, a state-owned company responsible for naval projects, in late January. This step is part of the Patrol Vessel Acquisition Program (PRONAPA), which involves the domestic construction of 11 offshore patrol vessels (OPVs) with a high percentage of locally sourced components. These vessels are designed for the surveillance and protection of the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), search and rescue operations, and combating illegal activities such as illegal fishing.

Brazil has the tenth largest EEZ in the world at 3,830,955 km sq., about one third that of the US, less than Canada, Japan, or New Zealand, but more than Chile, Kiribati, or Mexico.

Brazil has no Coast Guard. The Brazilian Navy operates 22 vessels they refer to as offshore patrol vessels. Only three are what the USCG would call medium endurance cutters. Four are near 40 year old former Royal Navy 890 ton 14 knot steel hulled minesweepers. 12 are 217 tons full load, 152’7″ (46.5 m), 26.5 knot patrol craft commissioned 1993 to 2009.

The remaining three are 500 ton, 182’5″, 21 knot Macaé class. Two vessels of this class are still building.

Macaé class patrol craft Navio-Patrulha Maracanã (P72) – 2023

If the Brazilian patrol vessel fleet were to provide the same coverage as the US Coast Guard in proportion to the size of their EEZ, they would need 12 large patrol ships (over 1000 tons) and about 20 smaller patrol craft. (They may be supplementing their patrol force with other classes of vessels.)

The new design appears to be an evolutionary outgrowth of the Macaé class since it is only slightly larger and has similar layout and performance: overall length of 58.9 meters (193’3″), a beam of 9.0 meters (29’6″), a maximum draft of 2.5 meters (8’2″), and a displacement of 564 tons

Presumably the Brazilian Navy sees the Macaé class as successful, but the new ships do not appear to be a significant improvement over the Macaé class. As I noted earlier (How Long Should an OPV be? Is There a Minimum?) I believe a length of at least 80 meters is the minimum for a truly fully capable OPV. In addition to better range, endurance, and seakeeping, the additional length allows incorporation of features that appear to be becoming standard on OPVs, including multiple, more capable, 8 to 11 meter RHIBs (perhaps a stern ramp), space for containerized mission modules and unmanned systems, and a flight deck and hangar for at least UASs.

The Macaé class was based on the 400 ton, 55 meter French P400 class patrol vessel. The French came to believe they needed a larger vessel and have begun replacing their P400 class with vessels with the 80 meter POM. Perhaps Brazil should again look to France and base their next OPV on the more capable POM.