Propulsion and Maneuvering System for Waterways Commerce Cutters

Two Waterways Commerce Cutter variants – an Inland Construction Tender (top) and River Buoy Tender (bottom) (Credit: Birdon America)

Below is a press release from SCHOTTEL Inc.

Two Schottel Rudder Propeller type SRP 210 with an input power of up to 597 kW (800 HP) will power the new Waterways Commerce Cutters. 


SCHOTTEL to supply components to 27 Waterways Commerce Cutters for U.S. Coast Guard

SCHOTTEL has been selected by Birdon America, Inc. to supply components to 27 vessels of the U.S. Coast Guard Waterways Commerce Cutter (WCC) Program with rudder propellers type SRP 210. For this program, U.S. Coast Guard prime contractor Birdon America, Inc. is designing the cutters and is expected to construct sixteen River Buoy Tenders (WLR) and eleven Inland Construction Tenders (WLIC). The cutters will be built at Birdon’s recently acquired Bayou La Batre shipyard in Alabama. Up to four cutters are expected to be delivered annually over the course of the next eight years, gradually replacing the aging vessels.

Up to 27 vessels to be equipped with SCHOTTEL
Each SRP features an input power of 597 kilowatts (800 horsepower) and a propeller diameter of 1.3 metres. The thrusters are fitted with SCHOTTEL’s highly efficient SDC40 nozzle, which combines compact design and high propulsion efficiency. Hydrodynamically optimized protective grids on the nozzles will increase the safety of the propellers in case of collisions with debris. SCHOTTEL DuroVario-S slipping clutches will allow for smooth startups and overall improved handling of the thrusters for precise maneuvering and will reduce the environmental impact during berthing operations. Enabling the WCCs to operate in both deep and shallow waters, the SRPs will allow the vessel to achieve a free-running speed of 11 knots or more.

Reliable protection against contamination of river and seawater
The propulsion system of the WCCs will be equipped with SCHOTTEL LeaCon. LeaCon is a sealing system certified by DNV, which offers safe and reliable protection against the contamination of river and seawater by operating materials and vice versa. LeaCon works with an intermediate chamber design and multiple seals on the propeller shaft and steering stem that separate lubricants from water. The system is equipped with a monitoring and alarm unit that continuously checks the condition of the seals. LeaCon is considered a non-oil to water interface thus the thrusters can be operated without EALs and fulfill the current VGP regulations. Further, the scope of supply is completed by SCHOTTEL’s condition monitoring system MariHub to enable condition-based maintenance via an onboard display.

First new WCC planned to be operational by 2027
WCCs are essential to maintain and protect the United States’ inland waterways transportation system. Approximately 630 million tons of cargo move through these waterways annually. The current inland tender fleet has an average age of more than 57 years and is approaching obsolescence. The new vessels will feature improved habitability and will accommodate mixed-gender crews. The first of the new WCCs is planned to be operational by 2027.

About SCHOTTEL Inc.
SCHOTTEL Inc. was founded in 1997, following more than six decades of sales and after-service market activity in the US, including the establishment of the first US subsidiary under a different name in 1961. Since October 2013, SCHOTTEL Inc. has been headquartered in Houma, Louisiana, where the 9,700-square-metre site provides ample space for offices, a spare parts warehouse, and a sales and training center to ensure customer proximity in sales and after-sales services.

“Coast Guard Cutter Stratton returns to California following 110-day Arctic deployment” –CG News

Harper and Henry Helsabeck hold up a sign to welcome home their dad, Lt. Cmdr. Jason Helsabeck, operations officer, Coast Guard Cutter Stratton (WMSL-752), home to Alameda, Calif., Nov. 4, 2024. The Stratton’s crew returned home from a months-long Bering Sea Patrol where the crew conducted fisheries law enforcement to protect living marine resources. (U.S. Coast Guard photo by Chief Petty Officer Levi Read/released)

Below is a Coast Guard news release.

I would note some differences between this patrol and my, 1974 to 1990, experience on Alaska Patrol.

  • They passed through the Bering Strait and patrolled in the Chukchi Sea whereas we seldom got as far North as the Bering Strait.
  • The patrols are longer than I remember, “This was Stratton’s second 110-day Alaska patrol in 2024.”
  • “Stratton conducted the first at-sea refueling evolutions for a national security cutter in the high latitudes.”
  • “…deck landings qualifications with Air Station Kodiak’s MH-60 helicopter (emphasis applied, not the smaller H-65s–Chuck) air crews operating near the Alaskan towns of Utqiagvik (formerly known as Barrow, population 4,927, the most northerly point in Alaska–Chuck) and Kotzebue (population 3,102) above the Arctic Circle.”
  • There were encounters with the Russian Navy.
  • There was more cooperation with Canada, “Stratton hosted three Royal Canadian Navy members during the patrol, enhancing U.S. and Canadian interoperability.”
  • There was engagement with the local communities, “…community relations engagements in the remote Alaskan communities of Savoonga (on St. Lawrence Island, population 835), Teller (population 249, near the Bering Strait and endangered by climate change), and Brevig Mission “(population 388 in 2010). This is something the Canadians have been doing for a long time with their first nation villages, but I think it is relatively recent for the USCG.

These cutters are pushing the envelope, going where US Navy surface combatants virtually never go.


Nov. 15, 2024

Coast Guard Cutter Stratton returns to California following 110-day Arctic deployment

ALAMEDA, Calif. — The crew of Coast Guard Cutter Stratton (WMSL 752) returned to its Alameda homeport on Nov. 4, after completing a 110-day patrol in the Arctic Ocean, Chukchi Sea and Bering Sea.

Stratton departed Alameda on July 18 and patrolled the Alaskan Inside Passage to Juneau, Alaska, throughout the Gulf of Alaska, the Bering Sea and into the Arctic Ocean. The crew supported U.S. strategic interests in the high latitudes and ensured the safety and compliance of domestic fishery operators. This was Stratton’s second 110-day Alaska patrol in 2024.

During the patrol, Stratton’s crew tracked and observed two Russian Federation Navy surface action groups transiting through U.S. waters above the Arctic Circle. Stratton patrolled under Operation Frontier Sentinel, an operation designed to meet presence with presence when strategic competitors operate in and around U.S. waters. The Coast Guard’s presence strengthens the international rules-based order and promotes the conduct of operations in a manner consistent with international law and norms.

While patrolling the Arctic, Stratton conducted the first at-sea refueling evolutions for a national security cutter in the high latitudes. The at-sea refueling extended patrol times in the Arctic and enabled persistent Coast Guard presence in the remote region.

Stratton conducted 20 boardings of commercial fishing vessels and foreign trans-shipment vessels enforcing safety and fishing regulations. Alaska’s fisheries are some of the nation’s largest providers of seafood and are a critical component of the U.S. economy. The Coast Guard’s efforts in ensuring safe fishing practices are essential to support this vital industry.

Stratton’s crew also conducted search and rescue (SAR) operations while deployed to the region. Stratton responded to the fishing vessel Galatea, which was adrift in a storm without propulsion due to a severed engine cooling line. Stratton crew deployed to the fishing vessel, repaired the casualty, and safely escorted Galatea to Dutch Harbor.

Stratton also responded to the 738-foot cargo tanker Pan Viva beset by a storm north of Dutch Harbor. After losing propulsion, the vessel was in danger of running aground in seas greater than 30’ and 90-mile-per-hour winds. Stratton provided operational oversight to Pan Viva as Coast Guard MH-60 helicopter air crews evacuated non-essential personnel and commercial tugs aided the vessel.

Throughout the patrol, Stratton conducted 334 deck landings qualifications with Air Station Kodiak’s MH-60 helicopter air crews operating near the Alaskan towns of Utqiagvik and Kotzebue above the Arctic Circle, to Cold Bay and Dutch Harbor in the Bering Sea. Stratton’s coordination of these flight operations provided training opportunities for the crews to enhance their SAR capabilities in the remote areas of Alaska, which tripled the number of shipboard-qualified pilots in the Alaska region.

“I am extremely proud of the resilience and professionalism of Stratton’s crew who’ve spent eight of the last ten months at sea in Alaska, conducting missions to safeguard our nation and people throughout two deployments to the region,” said Capt. Brian Krautler, Stratton’s commanding officer. “We met foreign presence in the Arctic, demonstrating our ability and resolve to protect our most challenging border and we found new ways to extend our presence, devising means to refuel at sea in the high latitudes. We boarded U.S. and foreign vessels to ensure compliance with legal and safety regulations, we enhanced SAR capabilities through rigorous flight training and conducted important search and rescue cases in our most demanding area of operations.”

Stratton also met with the Royal Canadian Navy leadership during a port call in Victoria, Canada, to discuss strategic interests and cooperative efforts in the region. Stratton hosted three Royal Canadian Navy members during the patrol, enhancing U.S. and Canadian interoperability.

Additionally, Stratton conducted community relations engagements in the remote Alaskan communities of Savoonga, Teller and Brevig Mission. During these engagements, crew members met with tribal and city council leadership, volunteered at elementary schools, provided training in water and boating safety, participated in community-wide events including a high-latitude half-marathon, and learned about Inupiat culture, aiding in the service’s understanding of the communities and how to optimize support for remote Alaskan villages.

Commissioned in 2012, Stratton is one of ten commissioned legend-class national security cutters and one of four homeported in Alameda. National security cutters are 418-feet long, 54-feet wide, and have a 4,600 long-ton displacement. They have a top speed of 28 knots, a range of 12,000 nautical miles, and can hold a crew of up to 170. Stratton routinely conducts operations throughout the Pacific, where the cutter’s combination of range, speed, and ability to operate in extreme weather provides the mission flexibility necessary to conduct vital strategic missions.

Stratton’s namesake is Capt. Dorothy Stratton, who led the service’s all-female reserve force during World War II. Dorothy Stratton was the first female commissioned officer in the Coast Guard and commanded more than 10,000 personnel. The ship’s motto is “we can’t afford not to.”

Late addition: This trackline was from a gCaptain report on the deployment. Note the ship did not spend any significant time out the Aleutians chain. 

“Coast Guard accepts delivery of 58th fast response cutter, first to be homeported in Kodiak, Alaska” –CG-9

Coast Guard Cutter John Witherspoon, the service’s 58th fast response cutter, in Key West, Florida, where the Coast Guard accepted delivery on Nov. 7, 2024. The cutter will be homeported in Kodiak, Alaska, after it is commissioned. U.S. Coast Guard photo.

Below is a report from the Acquisitions Directorate (CG-9).

The news release indicates there is only one additional Homeport (Seward, AK) currently planned.

I think the statement that there will be three of the class in Kodiak is new. Previously I had heard two. There are three in Ketchikan. The Wikipedia page indicates that while Frederick Mann (WPC-1160) will go to Kodiak initially, ultimately it will go to Seward, so three in Kodiak may be temporary.

One of the 67 cutters, USCGC Benjamin Dailey (WPC-1123) had a serious fire while in a shipyard and has been scrapped, so there is one fewer than you might assume. That explains why this is #58 but only 57 “are in service.”

I did a post in May speculating on where additional members of the class will be homeported. Since then, we learned that the three additional FRCs I expected to go to D14, will be going to Guam. If my projections are correct, the Coast Guard will be contracting for at least two more FRCs, five if the Coast Guard establishes a base for three in America Samoa. The revised program of record calls for 71 FRCs which would, given the loss of one, mean the Coast Guard will have procured 72, five more than currently contracted, so I think the projections are pretty close.

Bollinger typically delivers four FRCs a year, so we can probably look forward to seeing the final FRC, WPC-1172, commissioned in 2028.


The Coast Guard accepted de358 livery of the 58th fast response cutter (FRC), Coast Guard Cutter John Witherspoon, on Nov. 7 in Key West, Florida. John Witherspoon is the first of three FRCs to be homeported in Kodiak, Alaska.

The cutter’s namesake, John Gordon Witherspoon, became the first African American to command a medium endurance cutter. When he assumed command of Coast Guard Vessel Traffic Services-Houston/Galveston, he became the first African American to command afloat and ashore units. A well-respected, compassionate and admired leader, he served as a popular mentor to an army of “teaspoons,” an affectionate term for those who sought sage counsel from Witherspoon about advancing their Coast Guard careers.

Witherspoon enlisted in the Coast Guard in 1963 and rose to the rank of quartermaster first class within eight years. Witherspoon eventually set his sights on becoming a commissioned officer and successfully received a waiver for the two-year college education requirement for Officer Candidate School. He was commissioned as an ensign in June 1971.

During his service, Witherspoon received the Coast Guard Meritorious Service Medal, two Coast Guard Commendation Medals and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Roy Wilkins Renown Service Award.

Witherspoon passed away in 1994 at the age of 54. In honor of his service and guidance to many, the Coast Guard established the Captain John G. Witherspoon Inspirational Leadership Award after his passing, which is given to officers who demonstrate his qualities of “honor, respect and devotion to duty.” The following year, the National Naval Officers Association created the Captain John G. Witherspoon for Excellence in Leadership and Mentoring Award. And in 2003, Witherspoon was inducted into the Caldwell County School’s Hall of Fame in North Carolina.

The Sentinel-class FRCs are replacing the 1980s Island-class 110-foot patrol boats, and possess 21st century command, control, communications, computers, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance equipment, with improved habitability and seakeeping. A total of 67 FRCs have been ordered to date to perform a multitude of missions that include drug and immigrant interdictions, joint international operations and national defense of ports, waterways and coastal areas. Each FRC is named after an enlisted Coast Guard hero who performed extraordinary service in the line of duty.

Fifty-seven of the 67 FRCs that have been ordered are in service: 13 in Florida; seven in Puerto Rico; six each in Bahrain and Massachusetts; four in California; three each in Alaska, Guam, Hawaii, Texas and New Jersey; and two each in Mississippi, North Carolina and Oregon. In addition to Kodiak, future FRC homeports include Seward, Alaska.

For more information: Fast Response Cutter Program page

“Coast Guard’s “Queen of the Fleet” turns 80” –CG News

USCGC Smilax (WLIC-315)

Below is a news release from CG News.

This announcement leaves me with mixed feelings, pride and amazement that the crews could keep the old girl on the job this long and dismay that it was necessary.

When I was on Duane, she was “Queen of the Fleet”, and it was considered something of a wonder that at 48 years old she was still reliable and “ready to answer all bells,” but now, ships over 50 years old are all too common.

At least, replacements have been contracted for the many overage inland tenders.


Nov. 7, 2024

FEATURE: Coast Guard’s “Queen of the Fleet” turns 80

Coast Guard's 'Queen of the Fleet' turns 80

Coast Guard's 'Queen of the Fleet' turns 80 Coast Guard's 'Queen of the Fleet' turns 80

The USCGC Smilax (WLIC 315) celebrated its 80th anniversary on Nov. 7, 2024, during a ceremony attended by current and former crewmembers in Atlantic Beach, North Carolina.

Commissioned Nov. 1, 1944 during World War II, Smilax is the oldest active Coast Guard cutter. It has been recognized as the “Queen of the Fleet” since 2011 when the USCGC Acushnet (WMEC-167) was decommissioned after 67 years of service. This title is symbolized by its gold hull number.

“As long as I’ve been in the Coast Guard, the Smilax has always been regarded as the Queen of the Fleet,” said Chief Petty Officer Jordan Bickford, the executive petty officer of the Smilax. “It’s been a goal of mine to stay and serve in the Aids to Navigation (ATON) afloat community throughout my career. It’s truly an honor to now serve aboard the Smilax, contributing to its legacy.”

The Smilax was built in 1943 by Dubuque Boat & Boiler Works in Dubuque, Iowa. When most other ships were being built in 40 days, the Smilax was built over the course of a year and cost approximately $194,238, making it the most expensive ship in its class.

It was originally homeported in Fort Pierce, Florida but moved to a new homeport in New Smyrna Beach, Florida from June 1, 1954, to Nov. 9, 1965.

After being fitted with new engines and receiving a 70-foot barge, the Smilax was re-classified as a WLI-315, making it an inland buoy tender responsible for short range ATON along the coastal and inland waterways, particularly in shallow waters or areas that larger tenders cannot reach.

It moved to a new homeport in Brunswick, Georgia on Nov. 9, 1965, before being re-classified again as a WLIC on Oct. 1, 1979. As a WLIC, or inland construction tender, the Smilax became responsible for constructing, repairing and maintaining fixed ATON within inland waterways. It remained there until July 1999, when it moved to its current homeport in Atlantic Beach, North Carolina.

“One ship, one crew, everything says Smilax and they all work together,” said retired Chief Warrant Officer Scott McAloon, former commanding officer of the Smilax, 2010 to 2014. “Everybody’s dirty in a set of coveralls, and it’s just such a fun ship to be part of. These construction tenders, they’ll humble you. From ship driving to getting out on the deck and working, it’s a real special thing.”

Smilax plays a crucial role in maintaining navigation aids in Oregon Inlet, Hatteras Inlet, Ocracoke Inlet and Beaufort Inlet. It oversees 1,226 fixed aids and 26 buoys across the Outer Banks to ensure safe passage for various types of vessels. It also operates a 70-foot barge equipped with a crane capable of lifting heavy aids, making it well-suited for the shallow and shifting waters of the region.

Throughout its history, the crew of the Smilax has engaged in various missions beyond navigation support. They have assisted with search and rescue operations and even salvaged cannons and barrel hoops from the Queen Anne’s Revenge, the legendary pirate ship captained by Edward Teach, better known as Blackbeard.

The cutter represents a vital federal presence on inland waterways and is part of an aging fleet dedicated to maintaining the U.S. Aids to Navigation System.

“The crew is keeping the ship going,” said retired Chief Petty Officer Matthew Hux, former Smilax crewmember. “She keeps going because of all of you and the legacy that comes behind you. So thanks to you, and thanks to my old shipmates.”

-USCG-

“CIA Has Secret ‘Nonviolent’ Way To Disable Large Ships: Report” –The War Zone

“The Tholian Web,” Star Trek episode 3:9 written by Judy Burns and Chet Richards and directed by Herb Wallerstein, first broadcast on November 15, 1968.

As I have often pointed out, the Coast Guard does not have a quick, reliable way of forcibly stopping a medium to large ship. This capability seems an implicit requirement to do the Coast Guard’s missions. The War Zone reports, the CIA may have such a device.

This Day in Coast Guard History, November 3

Based on the Coast Guard Historian’s timeline, https://www.history.uscg.mil/research/chronology/
With inspiration from Mike Kelso

1883  The keeper and crew of the Smith’s Island Station, Virginia (Fifth District), saw a small schooner flying a signal near Isaac Shoal, five miles away from the station.  They went out to her and found on board the captain of a sloop that wrecked the night before several miles from land.  He had succeeded in swimming to a bar near the beach, where he was picked up by the crew of the schooner.  Finding him suffering from exposure they signaled for assistance.  The lifesaving crew applied bottles of hot water and resuscitated him.  They then landed him in the surfboat and cared for him for six days until he was sent to his home.

“U.S. Coast Guard, Canadian forces, and international partners wrap-up Operation North Pacific Guard 2024 ”–D17

A foreign fishing vessel pulling a shark aboard while conducting shark finning operations in the North Pacific, May 12, 2024. Regional Fisheries Management Organizations regulate the process of shark finning through Conservation and Management Measures. These measures require fully utilizing retained catches of sharks and limits on amounts of fins onboard in relation to those sharks. (U.S. Coast Guard courtesy photo)

Below is a news release from District 17 regarding IUU Fisheries enforcement involving not only the US Coast Guard but also Canada, Japan, and S. Korea.

Also thought the video immediately below might be of interest. The Canadian Coast Guard Ship (CCGS) Sir Wilfrid Laurier that was part of the operation looks like a buoy tender, but it is more than twice as large as USCG buoy tenders, larger in fact than the National Security Cutters by full load displacement. She was commissioned in 1986 and is capable of light icebreaking, operating in the Arctic, and has a helicopter deck and collapsable hangar.

The US Coast Guard has started using buoy tenders to do fisheries and to support and resupply fast response cutter including operations in the Western Pacific and Eastern Pacific drug transit areas.

I would not be surprised if the Coast Guard’s next class of buoy tenders were not also designed as similar larger, long range, multipurpose ships but unlike the Canadian ships, armed and faster than 15.5 knots.

USCGC Juniper, oldest of US WLBs is 28 years old and since it seems to take ten years from the initiation of a shipbuilding program to delivery, it is not too early to start thinking about the next generation. An early start might allow us to produce a proven tested prototype before we need to contract to replace the entire class.


Oct. 29, 2024

JUNEAU, Alaska – The U.S. Coast Guard, Canadian forces, and international partners wrap-up Northern Pacific counter Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing patrol, Operation North Pacific Guard 2024.  

Operation North Pacific Guard is an annual multi-mission effort between international partners that provides surface and air patrols and shares intelligence that guides patrol assets to detect and intercept illicit fishing activity.

The joint mission included U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Midgett, U.S. Coast Guard Air Station Kodiak, U.S. Coast Guard District Seventeen, the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, the Canadian Coast Guard Ship (CCGS) Sir Wilfrid Laurier, Japan Coast Guard, Fisheries Agency of Japan, and Korea Coast Guard.

As a result of the high seas patrols, air surveillance, and electronic monitoring, the joint crews identified potential instances of illegal harvesting of shark fins and dark vessels, a term for vessels that intentionally turn off their monitoring systems.

U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Midgett patrolled the North Pacific for 65 days and conducted 21 high-seas boardings and inspections which detected four potential violations of conservation and management measures under the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC) and North Pacific Fisheries Commission (NPFC).

U.S. Coast Guard Air Station Kodiak HC-130J Super Hercules airplane crewmembers conducted five 12-day deployments near Yokota Air Base and Misawa, Japan and observed 411 vessels. The crews observed potential shark finning violations and improper fishing vessel markings on multiple vessels.

“IUU fishing is a complex and global problem that calls for an international unified response,” said Capt. Ryan Waters, chief of enforcement for the Coast Guard’s Seventeenth District. “North Pacific Guard is a prime example of a strong, sustained multi-lateral partnership to maximize the impact of collective counter-IUU fishing enforcement efforts and promote the rule of law at sea.”

IUU fishing is detrimental to long-term, stable national security, international relations, and global economics. Up to 27 million tons of fish are caught illegally each year worldwide. The U.S Coast Guard leads U.S. Government efforts in multinational campaigns like North Pacific Guard that counter IUU fishing at-sea, uphold global rules-based order, and promote economic prosperity.

For breaking news, follow @USCGAlaska on X (formerly twitter)

This Day in Coast Guard History, October 28

Based on the Coast Guard Historian’s timeline, https://www.history.uscg.mil/research/chronology/
With inspiration from Mike Kelso

1919  Congress passed the National Prohibition Enforcement Act, otherwise known as the Volstead Act, on this date.  The Volstead Act authorized the enforcement of the 18th Amendment, ratified on January 29, 1919.  The Act authorized the Coast Guard to prevent the maritime importation of illegal alcohol.  This led to the largest increase in the size and responsibilities of the service to date.

USS LST-71 at anchor in the harbor at Fiji, 12 September 1943.
6th Special Navy Construction Battalion (N.C.B.) Photo

1943  Choiseul, Treasury Islands landing commenced (Coast Guard-manned LST-71 was in second echelon November 1, 1943).

1966  Coast Guard LORAN Station Con Son in Vietnam became fully operational.


More details
Original caption: “Gitmo airfield converted for 10,000 migrants”

1991  Thousands of Haitian migrants began fleeing their homeland after the overthrow of Haitian President Jean-Bertrand Aristide, prompting one of the largest SAR operations in Coast Guard history.  Cutters and aircraft from as far north as New England converged on the Windward Passage.  In the first 30 days of the operation, Coast Guard forces rescued more than 6,300 men, women, and children who left Haiti in grossly overloaded and unseaworthy vessels.  Seventy-five Coast Guard units ultimately took part in the massive SAR operation and by the end of the year over 40,000 Haitian migrants were rescued.

Tsunami warning after 7.7 earthquake off Haida Gwaii (Queen Charlotte Islands)

2012  The Coast Guard Captain of the Port of Honolulu ordered the evacuation of Honolulu Harbor after a tsunami warning was issued after an earthquake struck the Haida Gwaii archipelago in western Canada.

“America’s Overlooked Armed Force” –Real Clear Defense

Future USCGC Argus building at Eastern. Eastern Shipyard photo.

Real Clear Defense has a post written by Commander Justin Matejka, national security affairs fellow for the 2024–25 academic year at the Hoover Institution, Stanford University.

It discusses the organizational and political problems the Coast Guard faces in achieving effective management, particularly the disjointed and conflicting oversight in Congress and the lack of a dedicated Departmental advocate.

My personal observation is that while the Congressional oversight process is burdensome and poorly organized, Congress has generally been supportive. Much of our problems stem from a failure to convincingly document the Coast Guard’s needs and value to earn the support of the Executive branch including the DHS. Failure to continuously update the Fleet Mix Study or provide a long-term shipbuilding plan being primary examples.