New 40 mm Gun

Thales RAPIDSeaGuardian CIWS Euronaval 2016 newsThales RAPIDSeaGuardian Naval Gun System

Navy recognition is reporting the announcement of a new 40mm naval gun system, based on an existing land based system (pdf). It is claimed to be “a new generation CIWS effective against super sonic seaskimming missile thanks to the airburst ammunition, as well as against asymmetric threats…” while having about the same “footprint and weight as a 25mm system.”

The system is interesting, but the star of the show is the gun and its innovative ammunition. The ammunition is “Case Telescoped” meaning that the shell is embedded in the casing and surrounded by the propellent. The gun and its ammunition are products of CTA International, an equal-shares joint venture company between defence companies Nexter (France) and BAE Systems. The resulting round is very short and shaped like a cylinder rather than the typical double tapered shape of most fixed (one piece) ammunition.

cta-40mm-ammo

The short length of the ammunition means that the portion of the gun inside the mount can be very compact. In the illustration below, the 25mm M242 Bushmaster used in the Mk38 mount is at top right and the Case Telescoped (CT) 40mm is at the bottom right. It’s very compact breech mechanism is apparent.

40mm-ctas-gun

Image source: thinkdefence.co.uk

If this gun could replace our 25mm guns on the Webber class WPCs and the Offshore Patrol Cutters, either by replacing the mount or perhaps by replacing the gun in the Mk38 mod2/3 mounts (also a BAE product), it would give us improvements in range, accuracy, impact, and particularly penetration. Rates of fire for the two systems are the same.

Range: 

The effective range of the Mk38 has been variously reported as 2500 or 3000 yards. This has been a matter of concern to me because when approaching a suspicious vessel that might be being used to make a terrorist attack, I believe a cutter should remain at a distance such that improvised armaments cannot target specific critical equipment on the cutter (like its one gun mount). Improvised armaments might include heavy machine guns, anti-tank guided missiles, or Soviet era anti-aircraft or anti-tank guns of up to 130mm. From my observations and research, in order to preclude targeting critical systems, the cutter should initially approach no closer than 4,000 yards while its boarding party investigates. .

The NavyRecognition post reports a claim of 4,000 meters (4,373 yards) for CTA’s 40mm. While I have not been able to find a claimed max range for the CTA 40mm, the maximum range for the ballistically similar Bofors 40mm/70 is 13,675 yards (12,500 m). The M242 25mm used in the current Mk38 mod2 has a max range of 7,450 yards (6,800 m). Assuming the effective range is proportional to the maximum range, the CTA 40mm should be able to effectively engage from beyond 4000 yards (3,659m).

Penetration: 

The image below, from thinkdefence, shows a comparison of effectiveness against armor using armor piercing fin stabilized fin stabilized discarding sabot (APFSDS) rounds. 

40mm-ctas-armour-piercing-fin-stabilised-discarding-sabot-tracer-apfsds-t

To me, greater armor penetration translates into being able to penetrate the hull and go on to wreck a larger diesel engine than the smaller round.

As far as I can tell, while there is an armor piercing fin stabilized discarding sabot (APFSDS) round for the 25mm, the Mk110 57mm has no round comparable to the APFSDS round offered for the CT 40mm, which has a muzzle velocity of 1,640 meters/second or approximately 5,379 feet/second. The 57mm round would explode shortly after penetrating the skin of the ship, likely before it reached the engine.

Impact: 

Because the 40mm round is about twice as big as the 25mm round, its effective radius is considerably larger.

The image below (also from Thinkdefence) shows a fragmentation comparison between a 30mm airburst round (left) and the 40mm GPR-AB (40mm airburst). The lethal area for the airburst nature at 1,500m is 125m2. Apparently there is no airburst projectile for the 25mm because it is considered to small to be effective. 

40mm-ctas-general-purpose-round-airburst-tracer

Is this gun really ready for “primetime?”

Our friend at thinkdefence.co.uk has done an extensive examination of the development of this weapon.

The gun has been adopted by the British Army for installation on two types of armored vehicles and the French are also planning on using it in one of their armored vehicles.

Apparently the gun is a success and will probably find additional application, including, hopefully, a version of the Mk38.

 

 

Fatal Encounter–Russian Coast Guard/North Korean F/V

File:Russia, Flag of border service 2008.svg

Russian Coast Guard Naval Ensign

DW.com reports there has been a violent encounter between the Russian Coast Guard and a North Korean fishing vessel.

Reportedly, the North Korean vessel was boarded inside the Russian Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). After the boarding party found illegal catch, the F/V, with a crew of 48, attempted to resist the boarding party, take their weapons, and flee the Russian EEZ with the boarding party still aboard.

The Russian Coast Guard enforcement vessel used disabling fire into the North Korean vessel. One member of the boarding party sufffered a head injury and nine North Koreans were injured, one of whom subsequently died.

Clearly fishing is taken very seriously in Asia. This and previous incidents may point to increasing desperation on the part of fishermen as a result of overfishing.

Thanks to Luke for bringing this to my attention. 

New Book: “25 Awesome Facts About the Coast Guard”

Now Available!

The Claw of Knowledge is a very different sort of Coast Guard web site with a very light hearted view.

The author has published a book you might want to consider:

http://shop.clawofknowledge.com/products/25-awesome-facts-about-the-coast-guard-1

I have not seen the book, but I think this will give you a good idea of the author’s style.

He also has a great story about the Bear.

$72M for SOUTHCOM boats

Photo: BCGP

Photo: BCGP

MarineLink is reporting award of a potentially $72M contract to Brunswick Commercial & Government Products (BCGP).

“The single-award, indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity contract is for both 32-foot and 37-foot Boston Whaler Justice boats and will include spare parts, maintenance and training support for The United States Southern Command (SOUTHCOM) area of responsibility, which includes Central America, South America and Caribbean nations…. To date, BCGP has delivered 38, 37-foot and 17, 32-foot Boston Whaler Justice boats.”

Any one know how these are being used? Gifted to our partner nations?

Rescue 21 Contract

The U.S. Coast Guard awarded General Dynamics Mission Systems a $125.6 million follow-on contract to provide Rescue 21 program management, system support and maintenance and sustainment engineering support for the U.S. Coast Guard Command, Control, and Communications Engineering Center.

NavyRecognition reports award of a $125.6 million follow-on contract to General Dynamics Mission Systems to support Rescue 21, a system that uses VHF radio direction finders to determine the origin of distress calls. The post also provides a quick overview of the system except it doesn’t seem to include Alaska and the Western Rivers (Mississippi, Missouri, and Ohio river valleys) which are also now included in the system.

This is how the Acquisitions Directorate describes the system:

“Rescue 21 replaces the National Distress and Response System, which has been in use since the 1970s. Rescue 21 can more accurately identify the location of callers in distress via towers that generate lines of bearing to the source of VHF radio transmissions, thereby significantly reducing search time. Rescue 21 extends coverage out to a minimum of 20 nautical miles from the coastline. It improves information sharing and coordination with the Department of Homeland Security and other federal, state and local first responders, and can also identify suspected hoax calls, conserving valuable response resources.”

You can trace the history of the system in a series of news releases here.

 

Navy’s Birthday Video

October 13, 1775 is the day the Navy claims as their birthday makiing this the 241st anniversary of its founding. They have a proud history, and really the Coast Guard and its preceeding services have had a role in that history. Perhaps that is why we are included in the video above. If you look at the video above, at time 0:46 you will see a pair of Coast Guardsmen on the foc’sle of an 82 foot WPB firing an M-16 and an over and under 81mm/.50 caliber in an apparent Vietnam firefight. The Navy also used a number of the over and under mounts on “Swift Boats” but they were mounted aft.

Happy birthday US Navy.

National Cuttermen Chapter Seeks Content Suggestions for Web Site

The National Cuttermen Chapter of the Surface Navy Association (formerly the Cuttermen Association) is seeking advice on what should be included in their website.

What would keep you coming back to this site?

Open Idea:

1. A place for posting research papers related to the Coast Guard and Cuttermen community.  The purpose would be to encourage members (retired, active, enlisted and officer) to write.  A small board can be assembled to mentor, review and edit submissions.

Please take a moment to provide a suggestion!

We want to here from you!

 

S. Korean CG Boat Rammed and Sunk by Chinese F/V

skoreanrhibs

This photo released by South Korean Defense Ministry on June 10, 2016 shows South Korean patrol boats forcing Chinese fishing boats from disputed waters.(Photo by AFP)

This is one of several reports I have seen. A 4.5 ton South Korean “speed boat” (probably around 30 foot or 8 to 10 meter) has been rammed and sunk by a Chinese fishing vessel believed to have been over 100 tons. There were no casualties.

Reports are somewhat confusing, but, the way I interpret the reports, there was a large fleet of Chinese vessels fishing illegally in South Korean waters. A boarding party of eight had boarded one of the fishing vessels leaving one man still in the boat. A second Chinese fishing vessel rammed the boat as it lay alongside the fishing vessel probably crushing it. The one man aboard was recovered safely.

It is not clear to me how the boarding party got off the first fishing vessel or why the vessel was not detained.

A diplomatic protest has been filed with the Chinese.

Thanks to Luke for bringing this to my attention.

BMI as a Weight Standard

bmi-chart

The Military times has an article, “And the Fattest US Military Service is…”

Don’t bother to look for the Coast Guard in the listing, because we have been ignored again, but what I really wanted to address, is the use of BMI (Body Mass Index) as a standard. The standard of “fattest” was based entirely on exceeding a BMI of 25.

During my last tour, there was a petty officer I talked to frequently, who the Coast Guard was going to discharge because he was “over-weight.” In fact he was a rather large body builder, with very little fat on his frame. This was the kind of guy you want on your boarding party because he could be physically intemidating. We were going to discharge him, not because he was not in good shape, but because he was too muscular.

Body Mass Index was devised in the 1830s by Lambert Adolphe Jacques Quetelet. Let’s take a look at the formula for BMI:

weight (in kilograms)/height (in meters) squared

Note that it is height squared, but people are three-dimensional. If you really want to look at a proportional measurement you should use height cubed.

Looking at “25,” the upper edge of the nomnal normal range of BMI, the associated weight for different heights looks like this:

  • 6’4″– 205
  • 5’8″– 165
  • 5′– 128

If on the other hand, if we assume the BMI chart is right for 5’8″ but made the other two weights proportional to the cube of heights, the upper limits would look like this.

  • 6’4″– 230
  • 5’8″– 165
  • 5′– 113

BMI favors short people, while the tall are penalized.

At best, BMI should be used as a screening measure, but even in this role there are better formula available.

Before we destroy a service member’s career, we ought to be willing to base the decision on actual body fat content or a performance standard relivant to job performance.

China Attempts to Punish Singapore

thaicanal

Well, I already have four posts with many comments tracking China as they attempt to bully the Philippines, Japan, Vietnam, and Indonesia.

Now it seems it is time for one to track China’s attempts to Bully Singapore.

This post from the Independent, is about a proposed canal across the isthmus of Thailand, but if you read down to the second half of the post, you’ll see it is really about Chinese displeasure because Prime Minister Lee of Singapore has been standing up for a rules based international order rather than one based on force.