“GA-ASI Plans to Demonstrate Maritime Capability in the United Kingdom” —

MQ-9B Seaguardian during the maritime capabilities demonstration flight over Southern California waters in September 2020. GA-ASI picture.

The Navy League’s on line magazine, Seapower reports that,

“General Atomics Aeronautical Systems Inc. (GA‑ASI) plans to take a company-owned SkyGuardian remotely piloted aircraft to the United Kingdom later this year to undertake a series of operational capability demonstrations for NATO allies, including The Netherlands, the company said in a Feb. 3 release. The U.K.’s Protector program is a derivative of SkyGuardian with a range of U.K. modifications and the Royal Air Force (RAF) is supporting this visit.”

This system is quickly becoming the go-to solution for Maritime Domain Awareness. It is an obvious solution for the Coast Guard’s MDA requirement. The requirement for land based long endurance UAS goes back at least to the Deepwater Program begun in the 1990s. It looks like a Coast Guard version of the Global Hawk may have been identified as a likely solution as early as 2002. Congress has been pushing the Coast Guard to start using land based UAVs.

There might be a question if this would duplicate the Navy’s Broad Area Maritime Surveillance (BAMS) program and its MQ-4C, but it is almost certain the Navy system will never provide all the information the Coast Guard needs. Their priorities are different, for instance, there are no plans for the Navy to base MQ-4Cs in Alaska.

In 2018 the CG-9 reported  “The Coast Guard on March 26 released a draft solicitation for long range/ultra-long endurance (LR/U-LE) unmanned aircraft system (UAS) technology demonstration and flight services requirements. Industry is invited to submit questions, comments and feedback on draft items including the statement of work, proposal requirements and evaluation methodology.” I don’t know what came of that, but there have been several demonstrations since.

CG-9 currently says,

“The Coast Guard has validated a mission need for land-based UAS to significantly enhance ocean surveillance in support of the service’s operations. Coast Guard land-based UAS flight crews are jointly operating maritime-variant Predator UAS (Guardian) on maritime missions with Customs and Border Protection to enhance the Coast Guard’s understanding of potential land-based UAS solutions and support the development of a land-based UAS requirements package.”

It is time to include land based UAS in the Coast Guard budget request. We can start small and grow the capability, but it is time to start. The answer might not be the MQ-9B, but answers are out there.

Somehow I managed to publish this prematurely so this is an updated version. 

“Commandant and Master Chief Petty Officer of the Coast Guard Statement on Extremism” –MyCG

The following from the MyCG web site.
As members of the Coast Guard, we have all voluntarily sworn an oath to support and defend the Constitution, and we share a commitment to our Core Values of Honor, Respect, and Devotion to Duty. We protect the homeland, we advance economic prosperity and other national interests, and when mariners in distress call for help, we proudly and professionally respond without hesitation. We answer the call because it is our duty. It is also our duty to respect those we serve with and we betray this duty if we allow bigotry, racism, or hate to infect our culture and service to America. In a Coast Guard anchored to dignity and respect, there is no place for extremism. Extremism goes against the fundamental principles of the Constitutional oath we share and our Core Values, tears away at unit cohesion, and degrades readiness and mission success.

The rights of freedom of speech and assembly are vitally important but are not unlimited. The Coast Guard will not tolerate extremism of any type. Speech or conduct that advances, encourages or advocates criminal activity, violence, illegal use of force, and efforts to deprive individuals of their civil rights, or any form of harassment or unlawful discrimination based on race, creed, color, sex, including gender identity and sexual orientation, religion, ethnicity, or national origin, among other personal characteristics, will not be tolerated. This applies equally to on-line speech. None of us can be indifferent to extremism.

Military members are subject to discipline and punishment under the Uniform Code of Military Justice if they actively support extremist causes by raising funds, recruiting or training others, taking a visible leadership role, or distributing literature or materials which undermine loyalty to the Constitution, interfere with the performance of duties, threaten discipline, or bring discredit upon the Service. Military members cannot participate in demonstrations or rallies in many circumstances, particularly when the event is a breach of law and order or is likely to result in violence. COMDTINST M1600.2, Discipline and Conduct, provides additional information and guidance. Civilian employees are subject to discipline for conduct that impairs the efficiency of the Federal Service. This may include criminal conduct in or away from the workplace, and other inappropriate conduct in the workplace.

Aligned with recent guidance issued by the Secretary of Defense, we are directing that a service-wide stand-down to confront extremism in the military occur at each unit before 31 March 2021. I expect commanders and supervisors to talk with their crews about this destructive cancer, to lead intrusively, and act when they encounter any indicators of extremism in our ranks. More specific guidance and expectations regarding this stand-down is forthcoming.

As your Commandant and Master Chief Petty Officer of the Coast Guard, we are dedicated to ensuring our Service supports and defends the ideals and institutions created and guaranteed by the Constitution, and that we foster a Service free from hatred, intolerance and extremism. Beyond being an Armed Force, as members of a federal Law Enforcement Agency, we have a special obligation to each other and the citizens whom we serve.

Jason M. Vanderhaden
Master Chief Petty Officer of the Coast Guard

Karl L. Schultz
Admiral, U.S. Coast Guard Commandant

Bahrain Bound FRC gets Upgrades, LRAD and Short Range Air Search

(As we get into this, you may want to click on the photo to get an enlarged view.)

This Spring, the first two Webber class patrol craft are expected to go to Bahrain to start replacing the six 110 foot WPBs of Patrol Force South West Asia (PATFORSWA).  Two more will join them in the Fall and the last two in 2022. Back in 2018, I speculated on what might be done to modify them for duty in this more dangerous area. Apparently the Coast Guard leadership has had a few ideas of their own.

We have some very shape observers among the readers of this blog.

First Andy provided the photo of USCGC Charles Moulthrope (WPC-1141) above and pointed out the Long Range Acoustic Device (LRAD, the gray device mounted near rail on the O-1 deck just this side of the port forward corner of the bridge) and the four round sensors a short way up the mast two on each side. I note these systems were not on the ship when it was handed over by Bollinger (photo below).

The 41st fast response cutter (FRC), Charles Moulthrope, as delivered to the Coast Guard in Key West, Florida, Oct. 22, 2020. It is the first of six planned FRCs to be stationed in Manama, Bahrain. (U.S. Coast Guard photo)

Then Secundius identified the four round sensors on the mast as Sierra Nevada Modi RPS-42 S-Band Radar.

From the Company web site: “RPS-42 is an S-Band tactical hemispheric air surveillance radar system. It is a member of the non-rotating, solid-state, digital radar family Multi-mission Hemisphere Radar (MHR), developed by RADA Electronic Industries Ltd.
“The RPS-42 is a pulse Doppler, software-defined radar platform, that can detect, classify and track all types of aerial vehicles – including fighters, helicopters, UAVs, transport aircraft, etc. at tactical ranges. A single radar platform provides 90º azimuth coverage. Hemispheric coverage is achieved when four radars are employed as a system. Mobile or stationary, the system can be integrated with any C⁴I system and other radars and sensors. The software is able for On-the-Move (OTM) Operation. The radar can operate either as a stand-alone or as part of a large-scale surveillance system.
“The Antenna is an Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) based on Galliumnitrid (GaN) Amplifiers. Its diameter is 50.4 cm , the max width is 16.5 cm. (19.8″ x 6.5″ –Chuck)
“The achievable range for detection of the smallest drones (known as Nano UAV) is 3.5 km”

These radars use Galliumnitrid (GaN), the new technology in radar, that allows the AN/SPY-6 to significantly outperform the earlier AN/SPY-1 found on most Aegis equipped warships. (Reportedly a 3000% improvement)

You can get an appreciation of what this is about from this Popular Mechanics article. This Is the ATV-Mounted Jammer That Took Down an Iranian Drone.

There is more here: Light Marine Air Defense Integrated System [LMADIS] (globalsecurity.org)

I’m only guessing, but I would think the FRC would also have the same or equivalent complementary equipment as the LMADIS, e.g. small EO/IR camera, Skyview RF Detection system and Sierra Nevada MODi RF jammer (Photo below, I may be seeing the jammer–pictured below–located above and behind the port side RPS-42 radar arrays, visible between the radar arrays and the tripod legs). The cutters of this class are already normally equipped with electro-optic devices, both on the mast and on the Mk38 gun mount, which can provide a kinetic counter to UAVs.

Sierra Nevada MODi RF jammer. From the company web site, “SNC’s Modi II is the most modern & highly-capable dismounted EMC system in the DOD inventory.”

This was probably what the Commandant was talking about, when he said that Coast Guard PATFORSWA had a counter UAS role in a recent interview.

I am thinking, this radar might also be used on some of our other cutters as well, perhaps the 210s and the six 270s to be FRAMed, to provide them better control of their helicopters on approach in bad weather. The 210s have no air search radar and the 270s will almost certainly lose the Mk92 fire control system which provides their only air search radar currently. Reportedly the radar has a range of up to 30km and an instrumented range of 50km at altitudes from 30ft to 30,000 feet. Apparently the Marines are also using it to direct fire for their short range air defense systems. which includes a 30mm gun and Stinger missiles.

Thanks to Andy and Secundius for kicking this off.

“A homage to sea duty in the Coast Guard – Successes, challenges, and being underway” –MyCG

This from the MyCG website. (Perhaps noteworthy, maybe because the interviewer was a woman, but most of the interviewees were women.)


A homage to sea duty in the Coast Guard – Successes, challenges, and being underway

By Shana Brouder, MyCG Writer

As a sea service, we celebrate the perseverance of our shipmates who serve in the cutter community. While many industries went dark or slowed in response to COVID-19, the missions of the afloat community have continued to protect our Nation’s interests, deterring threats around the globe and in an especially complex maritime environment.

This growing demand has continued amid the COVID-19 global pandemic, where cutter crews are experiencing pre-deployment restrictions of movement, a reduction in liberty port calls, and extended time underway, away from loved ones.

The Coast Guard has increased compensation as they address urgent challenges for the sea-going workforce, while also looking for new ways to thank our members for continuing the traditions of the service. This past year, the Coast Guard increased internet connectivity speeds underway and arranged for wifi internet connectivity inport for deployed cutters, which enable reliable communication with friends and families.

Despite the challenges the pandemic presented, Coast Guard ships interdicted either a go-fast boat or a semi-submersible boat on a near daily basis, sending boarding teams to confiscate contraband and apprehend suspected smugglers. Cutter crews across the enterprise have seen some of the greatest successes in 2020. Crews surged to support an enhanced counter-narcotics operation resulting in a 37% increase in cocaine and other drugs interdicted between April and September of last year.

What is it that keeps our members returning to sea? After interviewing several junior officers, and one commanding officer, three central tenants of sea duty were named: the adventurous nature of the mission, the simple beauty of the sea, and—most importantly—the people.

“Every day on the water presents a new challenge that I’m excited to overcome,” said Lt. j.g. Ryan Brumm, supply officer aboard Coast Guard Cutter Alert, a Medium Endurance Cutter.

Lt. j.g. Matthew Nagle aboard Coast Guard Cutter Munro, a National Security Cutter, discussed excitedly watching aerial footage of the small boats underway from a small unmanned aircraft with his shipmates. “Seeing the live-action video after six months of hard work preparing and testing the hardware was incredible.”

Brumm’s shipmate aboard the Alert, Ensign Erin Mullen, also loves the missions underway. A self-proclaimed ocean nerd, Mullen also discussed her love of nature as a reason she plans to keep returning to sea. “Being on the bridge, seeing thousands of stars reflecting off that calm ocean,” said Mullen. “It really takes your breath away.”

The number one reason given, however, for enjoying sea duty was the friendships formed, “It seems cliché to say,” said Lt. j.g. Brooke Harkrader, assistant navigator aboard the Coast Guard Cutter Munro, “but the reason I love sea duty is because of the people.”

Cuttermen discussed the atmosphere aboard cutters—the comradery found afloat—as a reason they keep returning. As Lt. Cmdr. Laura Foster, commanding officer of the Coast Guard Cutter William Hart, a Fast Response Cutter, puts it: “The reason I’ve gone back to sea so many times is because of the family atmosphere aboard. The comradery among shipmates is unbelievable. I’ve never found it anywhere else.”

Ensign Kimberly Bryon, aboard the Coast Guard Cutter Munro, described her favorite memory underway during an otherwise difficult year, “We were at a port call in Alaska, and because of COVID we decided to stop at these uninhabited islands,” said Bryon. “I and three others spent the day shuttling people to and from the islands. While we didn’t get to go hiking ourselves, I had the absolute best time with the small crew I was working with. The comradery I felt with them was something I really can’t describe.”

While members speak openly of their love of sea duty, there is no doubt life afloat is challenging. “Being underway is the hardest thing you’ll ever do, but it is hands down the most rewarding work,” said Harkrader who, despite struggling with occasional seasickness, plans to stay afloat as long as possible.

Sea duty inconveniences are not insignificant. Like many in the Coast Guard, Foster has to spend prolonged periods of time away from her family. In her most recent trip, she was underway for 144 days. While it can be difficult, Foster doesn’t shy away from the challenge. “I feel honored to be able to take this job, and show other females that it is possible to rise to the position you want, and have a family,” she said.

Pandemic operating conditions have presented challenges to our members afloat, further complicated by social distancing measures advised by the Center for Disease Control (CDC) are not always possible. Those aboard the Munro, for example, faced extra hardships when 19 members from their crew tested positive for COVID-19 prior to going underway. “Everyone’s morale suffers when the workload increases so much,” said Hakrader.

Harkrader, Nagle, and Bryon both applauded the efforts commanding officers took aboard the Munro to keep things underway. The cutter was able to keep operating in a COVID-safe and smart environment, working to push through modified conditions, completing a mission through the waters of Alaska not usually completed by the crew.

Taking into account the challenges posed by the pandemic compounded already demanding life afloat make the successes these crews saw this year nothing short of extraordinary. A short sample of successes cutter forces saw this year, as detailed in Sea Duty Readiness ALCOAST 016/21.

While going to sea may not always be the easiest choice, being underway is a rewarding experience with benefits not found with other duties. “The goodbyes never get easier,” said Foster. “But the hugs you get when you return home never get old.” The Coast Guard is thankful to have members with a passion for sea duty, who see their work as so much more than just a job.

Coast Guard Cutter Successes in 2020:

  • Coast Guard Cutter Tahoma, a Medium Endurance Cutter, participated in Operation Nanook with Canadian, Danish, and U.S. Navy Forces.
  • Coast Guard Cutter Campbell, a Medium Endurance Cutter, participated in the high-latitude Search-and-Rescue Exercise Argus off Greenland, operating alongside Canadian, Danish, and French Naval Forces.
  • Coast Guard Cutter Cheyenne, a river buoy tender, responded to record high flooding on the Mississippi River.
  • Coast Guard Cutter Axe, a construction tender, responded to multiple Gulf Coast hurricanes, that, alongside other black hull cutters, surveyed, serviced, and corrected thousands of aids to navigation, restoring the smooth flow of efficient maritime commerce.
  • Coast Guard Cutter Kimball, a National Security Cutter, recently supported Pacific Island nations in building organic capability and law enforcement expertise to combat illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing.
  • Coast Guard Cutter Oliver Berry, a Fast Response Cutter, just returned to its homeport in Hawaii supporting the Pacific Island Forum Fisheries Agency, a collaborative international organization to promote sustainable fisheries. The cutter traveled nearly 10,000 miles round-trip to strengthen maritime domain awareness within the exclusive economic zone of both the Republic of the Marshall Islands and Federated States of Micronesia.
  • Coast Guard Cutter Bertholf, a National Security Cutter, used its ScanEagle unmanned-aerial system to surveil a group of 350 Chinese fishing vessels and make right-of-approach inquiries near the Galapagos Islands, at the request of Ecuador. They identified 15 potential IUU indicators of that particular fleet.
  • Coast Guard Cutter Bear, a Medium Endurance Cutter, deployed to Cabo Verde and increased partnerships with a key U.S. ally at the request of our National Security Council, on extremely short notice.
  • Coast Guard Cutter Polar Star, a Polar-class icebreaker, sailed for the first time in several years to the U.S. Arctic to project U.S. sovereignty.

“SEA CONTROL 219 – USCG COMMANDANT ADMIRAL KARL SCHULTZ” –CIMSEC

Coast Guard Commandant Adm. Karl Schultz visits with Coast Guard crews stationed in New York City. U.S. Coast Guard photo illustration by Petty Officer 1st Class Jetta Disco.

(I meant to cover this earlier, but perhaps still worth a listen)

CIMSEC’s Podcast “SEA Control,” had an interview with the Commandant, Dec. 27, 2020. You can find it here.

At first I thought I had heard it all before, but toward the end, there were some surprises.

He talked about  Arctic, Antarctic, and IUU. He talked about the Arctic Strategic Outlook and the IUU Strategic Outlook.

Illegal, Unreported, Unregulated fishing got a lot of attention. He related that it was gaining visibility and had become a national security issue since overfishing has created food security issues for many countries. He pointed to Coast Guard Cooperation with Ecuador in monitoring a fishing fleet off the Galapagos Islands. Internationally he sees a coordination role for the USCG.

Relative to the Arctic he mentioned the possibility of basing icebreakers in the Atlantic and the need for better communications.

He talked about the Tri-Service Strategy and the Coast Guards roles in it, particularly in less than lethal competition.

More novel topics started about minute 38 beginning with Unmanned systems. He talked about the recent CG experiments with unmanned systems and went on to note that the CG will also regulated Unmanned commercial vessel systems.

About minute 41 he talked about the Coast Guard’s role in countering UAS in the Arabian Gulf. He added that we have a lead role in DHS in counter UAS. “We are in the thick of that”

GA-ASI Concludes Successful Series of MQ-9 Demonstrations in Greece

He said the service was looking at MQ-9 maritime “Guardian” (minute 45)

When ask about reintroducing an ASW capability he said that while the Coast Guard was looking at it, the service would have to be cautious about biting off too much. (My suggestion of how the CG could have an ASW mission with minimal impact on its peacetime structure.)

He talked about balancing local and distant missions and concluded that the CG could do both (47), and that the Coast Guard was becoming truly globally deployable (48).

He noted that the first two FRCs for PATFORSWA would transit to Bahrain in Spring, followed by two more in the Fall, and two more in 2022. (49)

He noted technology is making SAR more efficient. “Hopefully we will put ourselves out of the Search and Rescue business.” 50

He talked about the benefits of “white hull diplomacy.” (52)

Asked about our funding for new missions he said it was sometime necessary to demonstrate the value of the mission first, then seek funding. (55)

He also talked about raising the bar on maintenance.

Advanced Precision Kill Weapon System (APKWS) –the Video

As I have suggested several times, there is a place for this system in the Coast Guard, here, here, and here, as a weapon that would allow even small units like patrol boats and FRCs to quickly and accurately deal with a range of threats, while minimizing the risk of collateral damage inherent in the use of our current weapons, e.g. 7.62mm, .50 cal., 25mm.

These weapons are not exotic. tens of thousands are produced annually.

Interesting to see how simply the pulse repetition frequency code is set to match it to the laser designator.

(I would also argue that the Coast Guard needs to have available laser designators in order to allow us to specifically identify threats for DOD aircraft that might be called in to help the Coast Guard deal with a threat.)

The first place to mount APKWS is on the FRCs going to PATFORSWA.

It is probably possible to mount launchers on the Mk38 gun mount. There is also the four round FLETCHER  launcher (see below) that can be fitted in place of a .50 cal.

Perhaps the Most Well Armed Cutter Sized Corvette in the World

Click on the illustration above for better view

More on the Israeli’s new Sa’ar 6 Corvette from Navy Recognition, particularly in regard to the C-Dome missile system (reporting a range of 250 km). It has been over six years since I did my first post on this class. At the time, I thought the Offshore Patrol Cutters might be close in size, but they are more than twice as large as the Israeli ships. Did a second post in Aug. 2015. and I have posted comments as additional details became available, but it is time for another look.

These will be the largest combatants in the Israeli Navy, but their dimensions are still quite modest:

  • displacement: 1900 tons
  • Length: 90 m (295.2′)
  • Beam: 13.5 m (44.3′)
  • Draft: 3.5 m (11.5)
  • Speed: 27 knots
  • Crew: 70

First of the class of four, INS Magen, has completed sea trials and the German shipbuilder has delivered it to the Israelis, who will install the Israel sourced weapon systems. The remaining ships are expected to follow at six month intervals.

Note, contrary to the labeling on the illustration, the 16 missiles amidships, shown in green, will be Gabriel V anti-ship missiles rather than Harpoons. (Gabriel V will also arm the new Finnish ice-capable corvette.)

Aviation facilities are also surprising. The ships are expected to support and hangar an H-60 ASW helicopter and may also support a vertical take-off Unmanned air system.

These ships are remarkable, for their size and crew strength (only 70), in being capable in all three primary warfare areas, ASW, ASuW, and AAW. Their capabilities exceed those of many frigates and approach those of DDGs four times their size.

With a total of eighty-eight missile launch tubes, assuming they are all filled, it seems these will be the most heavily armed ships of their size in the world.

“Nordic Allies Help Navy Improve Ship Ops in Icy Waterways as Arctic Competition Heats Up” –Military.com

http://www.state.gov/e/oes/ocns/opa/arc/uschair/258202.htm . This map of the Arctic was created by State Department geographers as part of the U.S. Chairmanship of the Arctic Council.

Military.com has a report on the Navy’s increased activity above the Arctic Circle, at least on the Atlantic side. (Still have not seen much from PACFLT.) Remarks are quoted from Adm. Robert Burke, commander of U.S. Naval Forces Europe-Africa and Allied Joint Command Naples. The discussion was primarily about working with allies, but he does not fail to mention the Coast Guard. 

“Responding to a question on whether the Navy needs to have icebreakers or hardened vessels as it increases its Arctic presence, Burke said he would leave the question “up to the force providers,” adding that ship drivers are getting good at maneuvering in the challenging Arctic environment.

“He said also that icebreaking is the U.S. Coast Guard’s “core business … today, anway,” and the Navy and Coast Guard work together in many areas worldwide.

“”We’ve got great partners in the U.S. Coast Guard. … You know, if it stays in their core mission or we do some sort of shared thing, it’s going to work great,” Burke said.”

The Coast Guard, with only two polar icebreakers, has none based on the Atlantic side. We have had some indication the Coast Guard intends to base one or more of its planned three medium icebreakers (aka Arctic Security Cutters) on the Atlantic side.

To put my comment above in context, LANTFLT has much more reason for operating in the high North than PACFLT. On the Atlantic side, Russia’s most important naval bases are above the Arctic Circle, off the Barents Sea. On the Pacific side, the primary Russian naval bases are over 800 nautical miles below the Arctic Circle around Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. So the difference is perhaps understandable.